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COTTAGE  AND  CONGREGATE  INSTITUTIONS 
FOR  CHILDREN 


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RUSSELL    SAGE 
FOUNDATION 


COTTAGE  AND   CON- 
GREGATE INSTITUTIONS 
FOR  CHILDREN 


By 

HASTINGS  H.  HART,  LL.D. 

u 

DIRECTOR   DEPARTMENT  OF   CHILD-HELPING   OF  THE 
RUSSELL  SAGE   FOUNDATION 


NEW    YORK 
CHARITIES     PUBLICATION 
COMMITTEE MCMX 


1 1»'^ 


Copyright,  1 910,  by 
The  Russell  Sage  Foundation 


PRESS   OF  WM.   F.  FELL  CO., 
PHILADELPHIA 


PREFACE 

THIS  is  intended  as  a  handbook  for  the  use  of  trustees  and 
officers  of  institutions  for  children.  It  is  hoped  that  it  will 
be  found  practically  useful  to  those  who  desire  to  establish  a 
new  institution  or  to  reorganize  an  old  one. 

In  Part  I  will  be  found  concrete  suggestions  on  organization, 
which  are  based  upon  actual  experience.^  At  the  conclusion  of  this 
section,  seven  cottage  plans  are  presented,  views  and  floor  plans  of 
which  will  be  found  among  the  illustrations.  These  cottages  repre- 
sent the  most  recent  and  practical  plans  within  the  knowledge  of  the 
author.  They  have  been  selected  with  reference  to  their  practical 
adaptability.  Most  of  them  represent  cottages  of  the  smaller  type, 
accommodating  from  twenty  to  thirty  children  each. 

Part  II  contains  a  plan  for  a  cottage  with  outdoor  sleeping 
porches,  intended  to  suggest  a  type  of  cottage  which  it  is  believed  will 
be  desirable  for  many  children  in  institutions. 

In  Part  III,  a  study  of  fifty  representative  congregate  and  cot- 
tage institutions  is  presented.  This  study  was  made  for  the  purpose 
of  furnishing  concrete  information  for  those  who  contemplate  the 
organization  of  institutions  on  the  cottage  plan. 

Of  many  interesting  institutions  visited,  a  number  have  been 
left  out  of  this  inquiry  either  because  they  were  too  highly  organized 
to  meet  average  requirements,  or  because  of  the  necessary  limitations 
of  such  a  study.  The  author  takes  this  opportunity  to  acknowledge 
the  courtesy  and  patience  with  which  the  superintendents  and  offi- 
cers of  all  of  the  fifty  institutions  have  aided  in  this  study. 


V 

272621 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

I.  How  to  Organize  a  Children's  Institution      .       .       .       .       i 
II.  Plans    for  a  Children's    Cottage  with    Outdoor    Sleeping 
Porches 15 

I I I.  A  Study  of  Fifty  Cottage  and  Congregate  Institutions   .       .     25 

IV.  Statistics  of  Cottage  and  Congregate  Institutions        .       .     53 


Vll 


LIST  OF  ILLUSTRATIONS 


PAGE 


Children's  Cottage — Outdoor  Sleeping  Porches      .    Frontispiece 
New  York  Children's  Aid  Society,  Boys'  Farm,  Valhalla,  New 

York 7 

Albany  Orphan  Asylum,  Albany,  New  York 1 1 

Albany  Orphan  Asylum — Floor  Plans 1 1 

Children's  Cottage  with  Outdoor  Sleeping  Porches        .        .       •  17 
Children's  Cottage  with  Outdoor  Sleeping  Porches — First  Floor 

Plan 18 

Children's    Cottage   with    Outdoor   Sleeping    Porches — Second 

Floor  Plan 19 

Children's  Cottage  with  Outdoor  Sleeping  Porches — Basement 

Plan 20 

Children's  Cottage  with  Outdoor  Sleeping  Porches — Section  Plan  22 

Jewish  Protectory,  Hawthorne,  New  York.      Cottage         .        .  27 

Jewish  Protectory,  Cottage — Floor  Plans 29 

Indiana  Girls' School,  Clermont,  Indiana.     Cottage     .        .       -31 

Indiana  Girls'  School.     Cottage — First  Floor  Plan       ...  32 

Indiana  Girls'  School.     Cottage — Second  Floor  Plan    ...  33 

Illinois  Training  School  for  Girls,  Geneva,  Illinois        ...  34 
Illinois  Training  School  for  Girls.     Fabyan  Cottage — First  Floor 

Plan 36 

Illinois  Training  School  for  Girls.     Fabyan  Cottage — Second 

Floor  Plan 37 

Philadelphia  House  of  Refuge  for  Girls.     Cottage — First  Floor 

Plan 40 

Philadelphia    House    of    Refuge    for    Girls.     Cottage — Second 

Floor  Plan 41 

Evanston  Receiving  Home,  Evanston,  Illinois       ....  45 
Evanston  Receiving  Home,  Evanston,  Illinois — Floor  Plans      .  45 
New  York  Catholic  Protectory.     Main  Building,  Boys'  Depart- 
ment        48 

New  York  Catholic  Protectory.     St.  Patrick's  Yard    ...  48 


IX 


LIST  OF  TABLES 

TABLE  PAGE 

1.  Comparative  statement  of  floor  space,  cost  of  plant  and  current  expenses    .  55 

2.  Delinquent  children — congregate  institutions — square  feet  of  floor  space      .  58 

3.  Delinquent  children — cottage  institutions — square  feet  of  floor  space    .        .  60 

4.  Dependent  children — congregate  institutions — square  feet  of  floor  space      .  64 

5.  Dependent  children — cottage  institutions — square  feet  of  floor  space    .        .  68 

6.  Delinquent  children— congregate  institutions — cost  of  lands,  buildings,  etc., 

and  current  expenses 70 

7.  Delinquent  children — cottage  institutions — cost  of  lands,  etc.,  and  current 
expenses 72 

8.  Dependent  children — congregate  institutions — cost  of  lands,  buildings,  etc., 

and  current  expenses "j^) 

9.  Dependent  children — cottage  institutions — cost  of  plant  and  current  expenses  80 

10.  Consolidated  payrolls — institutions  for  dependent  children — monthly  salaries 

of  employes 82 

1 1 .  Consolidated  payrolls — institutions  for  delinquent  children — monthly  salaries 

of  employes 84 

CONGREGATE  INSTITUTIONS— DELINQUENT 

12.  Hudson  County  Catholic  Protectory 87 

13.  House  of  Refuge  of  the  Managers  of  the  Society  for  Reformation  of  Juvenile 
Offenders 88 

14.  State  Industrial  School 89 

15.  New  York  Catholic  Protectory  (Male  Department) 90 

16.  New  York  Catholic  Protectory  (Female  Department) 91 

17.  Cincinnati  House  of  Refuge 92 

COTTAGE  INSTITUTIONS— DELINQUENT 

18.  Connecticut  School  for  Boys 93 

19.  State  Training  School  for  Girls 94 

20.  St.  Charles  School  for  Boys 95 

21.  Indiana  Girls' School 96 

22.  Indiana  Boys'  School 97 

23.  State  School  for  Boys 98 

24.  State  Industrial  School  for  Girls 99 

25.  Lyman  School  for  Boys 100 

26.  Minnesota  State  Training  School loi 

27.  State  Home  for  Boys 102 

28.  Hawthorne  School  of  the  Jewish  Protectory  and  Aid  Society  .        .       .       .103 

29.  State  Agricultural  and  Industrial  School 104 

30.  Cleveland  Boys'  Home 105 

31.  Boys' Industrial  School  for  the  State  of  Ohio 106 

32.  Sockanosset  School  for  Boys 107 

33.  Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Girls 108 

34.  Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Boys 109 

xi 


LIST  OF  TABLES 

TABLE                   CONGREGATE  INSTITUTIONS— DEPENDENT  ^^^^ 

35.  New  Haven  Orphan  Asylum iio 

36.  St.  Francis  Orphan  Asylum 1 1 1 

37.  Fairfield  County  Children's  Home 112 

38.  Wm.  L.  Gilbert  Home 113 

39.  St.  Mary's  Training  School 114 

40.  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum 115 

41.  Washburn  Memorial  Orphan  Asylum 116 

42.  St.  Michael's  Orphan  Asylum 117 

43.  Protestant  Foster  Home 118 

44.  Buffalo  Orphan  Asylum i  iq 

45.  German  Roman  Catholic  Asylum  .       .       -      ^ 120 

46.  Children's  Home 121 

47.  St.  Joseph  Orphanage 122 

48.  Jewish  Orphan  Asylum 123 

49.  Cleveland  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum 1 24 

50.  St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum 125 

51.  St.  Rose's  Orphan  Asylum 126 

COTTAGE  INSTITUTIONS— DEPENDENT 

52.  Illinois  Manual  Training  School  Farm 127 

53.  Illinois  Soldiers' Orphans' Home 128 

54.  Rose  Orphan  Home 1 29 

55.  Goodwill  Farm 130 

56.  Michigan  State  School  for  Dependent  and  Ill-treated  Children       .       .       .131 

57.  Minnesota  State  Public  School 132 

58.  Albany  Orphan  Asylum 133 

59.  Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Society  Orphan  Asylum 134 

60.  Rochester  Orphan  Asylum 135 

61.  State  Public  School 136 


Xll 


I 

HOW  TO  ORGANIZE  A  CHILDREN'S 
INSTITUTION 


HOW  TO  ORGANIZE  A  CHILDREN'S   INSTITUTION 

THE  question  of  the  organization  or  reorganization  of  an  institu- 
tion for  children  is  one  of  extraordinary  importance.  It  is 
important  from  an  economic  point  of  view.  For  example: 
a  small  institution  providing  for  one  hundred  children  will  involve  the 
purchase  of  land  and  the  erection  of  buildings  at  a  cost  of  approxi- 
mately 1 1 00,000.  It  will  involve  the  expenditure  of  from  1 10,000 
to  $20,000  per  year,  which  means,  if  capitalized  in  the  form  of  en- 
dowment, an  endowment  of  from  $250,000  to  $500,000.  If  a  new  in- 
stitution is  built,  without  endowment,  to  be  maintained  by  benevolent 
contributions,  it  means  a  tax  upon  the  benevolent  public  of  from 
$10,000  to  $20,000  per  year  as  long  as  the  institution  is  maintained. 
The  proposition  to  establish  an  institution  is  even  more  grave 
from  the  standpoint  of  the  welfare  of  the  child.  It  is  vitally  im- 
portant that  such  an  institution  shall  be  so  organized  as  to  accomplish 
the  beneficent  purpose  for  which  it  is  intended;  that  it  shall  be  so 
wisely  planned  and  so  faithfully  administered  as  to  insure  the  safety 
of  the  lives  of  the  children  who  are  to  be  committed  to  it,  the  develop- 
ment of  their  bodies  to  the  highest  degree  of  efficiency,  wise,  practical 
intellectual  education,  and  the  highest  possible  spiritual  development. 
The  ordinary  principles  of  common  sense  would  dictate  that 
where  such  large  and  sacred  interests  are  involved  the  proposition 
should  be  considered  with  great  care  and  deliberation,  and  that  infor- 
mation should  be  sought  from  every  available  source;  yet  it  is  a  com- 
mon thing  for  institutions  to  be  established  on  impulse,  without  the  aid 
of  expert  advice.  It  was  announced  recently  that  a  man  in  a  south- 
ern state  had  died  leaving  an  endowment  of  $400,000  for  an  institu- 
tion for  girls.  This  man,  who  was  without  experience  in  philan- 
thropic work,  met  an  acquaintance  on  the  street  one  day,  and  said, 
"  If  you  wanted  to  invest  some  money  to  do  good  in  this  city,  what 
would  you  do  with  it?"  His  friend  replied,  "  I  think  I  should  estab- 
lish some  kind  of  an  institution  for  girls."  Acting  on  this  suggestion 
the  man  employed  an  architect  who  was  without  experience  in  build- 
ing institutions,  and  erected  a  handsome  building.    When  fhe  build- 

I 


COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

ing  was  erected,  and  nearly  ready  for  occupancy,  a  man  of  experience 
was  invited  in  and  asked  to  advise  whether  the  institution  should 
be  used  for  an  orphan  asylum  for  girls  or  for  an  industrial  school  for 
girls,  or  for  some  other  purpose.  The  founder  was  without  informa- 
tion as  to  what  type  of  institution  was  needed  in  that  community, 
and  the  building  had  been  erected  without  special  adaptation  to  any 
one  form  of  institutional  work. 

There  are  now  in  the  city  of  Philadelphia  two  large  endowments, 
one  to  make  provision  for  orphan  girls  who  have  lost  both  parents, 
the  other  to  make  provision  for  orphan  boys  who  have  lost  both 
parents.  It  is  practically  impossible  to  utilize  these  endowments 
for  the  purpose  proposed  by  the  donors,  for  the  reason  that  very  few 
children  who  have  lost  both  parents  are  in  need  of  institutional 
provision.  Such  children  can  readily  be  provided  for  in  family  homes, 
and  nearly  all  of  them  are  so  cared  for.  If  the  generous  men  who 
made  these  bequests  had  consulted  some  of  the  wise  people  who  are 
caring  for  children  in  Philadelphia,  these  endowments  would  have 
taken  some  other  form. 

A  wealthy  man  in  a  northern  state  before  his  death  built  a 
children's  home  with  a  capacity  of  250  children.  When  he  died  he 
left  an  endowment  of  $400,000  for  the  maintenance  of  the  home.  He 
inserted  a  proviso  in  his  will  that  $10,000  per  year  of  the  income 
should  be  set  apart  for  one  hundred  years  to  increase  the  endowment. 
The  care  of  these  children  ought  to  cost  about  $150  a  year  per  child, 
but  the  trustees  have  had  available  from  the  endowment  and  other 
sources  only  about  $115  per  child.  They  are  unable  to  obtain  dona- 
tions for  current  expenses  because  they  are  popularly  supposed  to 
have  an  abundant  income,  and  the  children  suffer  for  lack  of  adequate 
care  because  of  the  inconsiderate  action  of  the  founder. 

In  some  states,  for  example.  New  York  and  Illinois,  the  law 
provides  that  charters  for  new  children's  institutions  must  be  ap- 
proved by  the  state  board  of  charities  or  some  other  responsible 
body,  before  articles  of  incorporation  can  be  issued.  The  Illinois 
law  provides  that  "no  association  whose  objects  embrace  the  caring 
for  dependent,  neglected  or  delinquent  children  shall  hereafter  be 
incorporated  unless  the  proposed  articles  of  incorporation  shall  first 
have  been  submitted  to  the  examination  of  the  board  of  state  com- 
missioners of  public  charities,  and  the  secretary  of  state  shall  not 
issue  a  certificate  of  incorporation  unless  there  shall  first  be  filed  in 
his  office  the  certificate  of  said  board  of  state  commissioners  of  public 
charitiesnhat  said  board  has  examined  the  said  articles  of  incorpora- 


HOW   TO   ORGANIZE   A   CHILDREN  S    INSTITUTION 

tion  and  that,  in  his  judgment,  the  incorporators  are  reputable  and 
respectable  persons,  the  proposed  work  is  needed,  and  the  incorpora- 
tion of  such  association  is  desirable  and  for  the  public  good;  amend- 
ments proposed  to  the  articles  of  incorporation  or  association  having 
as  an  object  the  care  and  disposal  of  dependent,  neglected  or  delin- 
quent children,  shall  be  submitted  in  like  manner/' 

This  provision  of  law  tends  to  the  exercise  of  greater  care  and 
wisdom  in  the  creation  of  new  institutions  or  the  reorganization  of 
old  ones. 

COMMITTEE  ON  ORGANIZATION  AND  ITS  DUTIES 

Whenever  it  is  proposed  to  organize  a  new  institution  for  chil- 
dren, or  to  reorganize  an  old  one,  whether  by  individual  beneficence 
or  by  an  organized  society  or  board  of  trustees,  it  would  be  wise  to 
first  appoint  a  carefully  selected  committee  for  the  purpose  of  de- 
termining in  advance  what  are  to  be  the  policy,  methods  and  equip- 
ment of  the  institution.  This  committee  should  usually  consist  of 
both  men  and  women,  even  though  the  institution  is  to  care  for  one 
sex  only.  This  committee  should  consult  competent  experts  and 
should  obtain  information  by  correspondence  and  by  visits  to  typical 
institutions  of  a  similar  character,  both  good  and  bad,  in  order  to 
guide  their  judgment.  Competent  advice  is  now  available  in  nearly 
every  large  city  without  cost  other  than  the  necessary  traveling  ex- 
penses, and  the  superintendents  of  all  well  organized  institutions  will 
cheerfully  furnish  information  and  advice  on  request. 

Among  the  matters  which  must  be  decided  by  such  a  com- 
mittee on  organization  are  the  following: 

Is  the  Institution  Needed?  Is  the  proposed  institution,  or  the 
proposed  enlargement  needed,  or,  in  the  case  of  an  institution  already 
established,  ought  the  institution  to  be  continued? 

This  question  is  often  a  practical  one.  In  the  city  of  Boston 
about  two  years  ago  the  trustees  of  the  Boston  Female  Asylum  after 
grave  deliberation  came  to  the  conclusion  that  that  institution  was 
no  longer  needed.  They  gradually  made  other  provision  for  the 
inmates,  sold  the  property,  and  organized  in  its  place  the  Boston 
Society  for  the  Care  of  Girls.  Some  thirteen  different  institutions 
for  children  have  been  closed  during  the  past  fifteen  years  in  the  state 
of  Massachusetts,  notwithstanding  the  large  increase  in  population 
in  that  state.  This  has  been  made  possible  by  the  increased  develop- 
ment of  the  plan  of  caring  for  both  dependent  and  delinquent  chil- 
dren in  selected  family  homes. 

3 


COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

In  the  state  of  Indiana,  a  few  years  ago,  there  were  fifty  county 
children's  homes.  Experience  proved  that  so  large  a  number  of 
county  homes  was  unnecessary  and  as  a  result  some  twelve  of  the 
Indiana  county  children's  homes  have  been  closed,  and  others  are 
soon  to  be  discontinued. 

In  the  state  of  Wisconsin  some  years  ago  the  Lutheran  church 
was  maintaining  an  orphanage.  They  then  organized  a  ''kinder- 
freund  society"  for  the  purpose  of  placing  orphan  children  in  private 
family  homes,  and  a  short  time  thereafter  they  decided  to  transform 
the  orphanage  into  a  school,  and  to  provide  for  all  of  the  children  in 
family  homes.  It  has  frequently  happened  that  benevolent  people 
have  created  unnecessary  institutions  in  communities  where  there 
was  urgent  need  for  institutions  of  a  different  class.  The  committee 
should  make  an  exhaustive  study  in  order  to  insure  the  wisest  possible 
direction  of  the  benevolent  purpose  of  the  donors. 

Under  What  Auspices?  It  is  necessary  to  decide  under  what 
auspices  the  institution  shall  be  operated.  Shall  it  be  directed  by 
the  donor  individually,  as  is  done  in  a  very  few  cases;  shall  it  be 
directed  by  a  self-perpetuating  board  of  trustees;  shall  it  be  directed 
by  a  board  of  trustees  selected  by  some  other  body,  as,  for  example, 
by  some  church  organization ;  shall  it  be  managed  by  a  board  desig- 
nated by  the  governor  or  the  mayor  or  the  judge  of  some  court?  It 
is  necessary  also  to  decide  whether  the  institution  will  seek  to  come 
under  public  supervision  where  such  public  supervision  is  available, 
as  in  New  York,  Illinois,  Indiana  and  Minnesota. 

How  to  he  Maintained.  It  is  necessary  to  decide  how  the  in- 
stitution shall  be  maintained.  Shall  it  be  maintained  entirely  from 
endowment  funds;  shall  it  be  maintained  entirely  from  the  gifts  of  a 
single  donor;  shall  it  be  maintained  from  the  revenue  of  some  re- 
ligious organization;  shall  it  be  maintained  in  whole  or  in  part  by 
funds  to  be  solicited  from  year  to  year,  and  shall  such  funds  be  col- 
lected by  volunteer  unpaid  collectors  or  shall  paid  solicitors  be  em- 
ployed? Shall  the  institution  seek  a  maintenance  in  whole  or  in 
part  by  appropriations  from  the  public  treasury,  state,  county  or 
city?  In  a  number  of  states,  like  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Mary- 
land, Connecticut  and  California,  many  private  institutions  are 
supported  in  whole  or  in  part  by  such  appropriations. 

Classes  of  Children  to  he  Received.  The  committee  must  deter- 
mine what  class  of  children  shall  be  received, — delinquent,  dependent 
or  defective  children.  If  delinquent  children  are  to  be  received,  it 
must  be  decided  what  sex  and  ages  shall  be  accepted  and  how  the 

4 


HOW   TO   ORGANIZE    A   CHILDREN  S    INSTITUTION 

children  shall  be  received,  whether  by  commitment  from  the  courts 
or  by  the  authority  of  their  parents  and  guardians,  or  otherwise. 
If  dependent  children  are  to  be  received,  the  sex  and  ages  must  be 
determined,  and  if  infants  are  to  be  received  it  must  be  decided 
whether  they  shall  be  received  with  or  without  their  mothers  and 
also  whether  sick  children  shall  be  accepted.  If  defective  children 
are  to  be  received,  the  committee  must  consider  whether  the  institu- 
tion will  accept  deaf  children,  blind  children,  feeble-minded  children, 
epileptics,  cripples,  deformed  children,  incurable  cases,  etc. 

IVork  to  be  Undertaken.  Having  decided  what  class  of  children 
is  to  be  cared  for,  the  next  step  is  to  consider  what  is  to  be  done  for 
them. 

For  delinquent  children  it  will  be  necessary  to  provide  educa- 
tion, including  moral,  religious,  manual  and  domestic  training,  and 
also  to  provide  for  physical  renovation  and  development. 

For  dependent  children  it  will  be  necessary  to  determine 
whether  children  are  to  be  brought  up  to  young  manhood  and  woman- 
hood, as  at  Girard  Q)llege,  or  whether  they  are  to  be  kept  until  the 
age  of  eight  or  twelve,  as  in  some  orphan  asylums;  whether  they 
are  to  be  subject  to  recall  of  parents  or  relatives,  or  whether  the  in- 
stitution is  to  serve  as  a  temporary  receiving  home,  to  prepare  the 
children  for  placing  out  in  family  homes.  If  temporary  care  is  to  be 
provided,  it  must  be  determined  whether  parents  will  be  encouraged 
or  required  to  meet  a  portion  of  the  expense  of  maintenance.  If 
children  are  to  be  placed  in  family  homes,  it  must  be  determined 
whether  the  committee  will  insist  upon  securing  complete  guardian- 
ship or  whether  they  will  place  children  in  family  homes  subject  to 
recall  by  parents,  and  whether  children  are  to  be  placed  out  on  in- 
denture or  by  adoption.  Shall  the  institution  maintain  schools  of  its 
own  or  send  its  children  to  public  schools;  shall  it  undertake  manual 
and  industrial  training,  or  plan  to  send  its  children  out  before  they 
reach  the  age  when  such  training  is  practicable? 

If  blind  children  are  to  be  received,  shall  it  be  little  children  like 
those  in  the  Sunshine  Home  for  Blind  Babies  in  New  York,  or  older 
children,  as  in  the  Perkins  Institution  for  the  Blind  in  Boston?  If 
deaf  children,  shall  it  be  for  little  children,  like  those  in  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Home  for  the  Training  in  Speech  of  Deaf  Children,  or  for  older 
children  of  school  age?  If  an  institution  for  feeble-minded  children 
is  to  be  established,  shall  it  be  maintained  on  an  expensive  basis  for 
the  children  of  the  rich  who  can  pay  liberally,  or  on  a  modest  basis  for 
children  of  parents  in  moderate  circumstances  who  can  pay  little  or 

5 


COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

nothing  for  their  support?  If  epileptics  are  to  be  received,  similar 
questions  will  arise.  If  crippled  and  deformed  children  are  to  be 
cared  for,  the  question  will  arise  whether  the  institution  shall  be  a 
hospital  for  orthopedic  surgery,  like  that  of  the  New  York  Society 
for  the  Relief  of  the  Ruptured  and  Crippled  and  the  Chicago  Home  for 
Indigent  Crippled  Children,  or  whether  it  shall  be  an  asylum  for  the 
care  of  children  who  have  already  had  their  surgical  opportunity,  like 
the  State  Hospital  School  at  Canton,  Massachusetts.  If  incurable 
cases  are  to  be  received,  the  question  will  arise  as  to  what  diseases,  if 
any,  shall  be  barred.  If  a  children's  hospital  be  established,  it  must 
be  decided  what  classes  of  cases  shall  be  treated. 

For  all  of  these  plans  it  will  be  necessary  to  determine  in  ad- 
vance approximately  the  scale  of  expenditure  to  be  adopted,  because 
that  decision  will  affect  the  decision  as  to  the  character  of  the  build- 
ings. The  plant  may  be  such  as  to  absolutely  prohibit  an  economical 
administration,  while  on  the  other  hand  the  buildings  may  be  so 
contracted  and  so  cheap  in  their  construction  as  to  make  it  impossible 
to  furnish  adequate  care  for  the  children,  or  suitable  accommodation 
for  the  employes. 

Type  of  Institution.  The  committee  must  decide  upon  the  type 
of  the  institution.  Shall  it  be  organized  on  the  congregate  plan  with 
all  of  the  children  housed  in  one  or  two  large  buildings;  shall  it  be 
organized  on  the  cottage  plan;  or  shall  there  be  a  combination  of  the 
cottage  and  congregate  plans? 

If  the  cottage  plan  is  adopted,  what  shall  be  the  cottage  unit? 
Shall  the  cottages  accommodate  50,  or  30,  or  20,  or  16,  or  12  children 
each,  and  what  shall  be  the  aggregate  population?  Shall  there  be 
general  dining  rooms,  kitchens  and  school  rooms,  or  shall  each  cottage 
be  supplied  with  a  dining  room,  a  kitchen  and  a  school  room?  Shall 
the  children  receive  school  instruction  in  the  institution  or  shall  they 
go  to  the  public  school?  Shall  there  be  a  special  building  for  in- 
dustrial training,  and  if  so,  what  shall  be  its  equipment?  Shall 
there  be  a  central  heating  plant  or  shall  there  be  a  separate  heating 
plant  for  each  building?  What  method  of  heating  shall  be  employed? 
Shall  the  institution  pump  its  own  water  and  provide  its  own  elec- 
tricity, or  shall  it  obtain  water  and  electricity  from  public  service 
companies?  Shall  there  be  a  laundry,  shops,  etc.,  connected  with 
the  central  heating  plant,  or  shall  there  be  cottage  laundries  for  the 
training  of  the  older  girls?  Shall  the  baking  be  done  in  a  separate 
plant,  or  shall  it  be  done  in  the  several  kitchens?  Shall  there  be  a 
special  building  devoted  to  play  and  recreation?     If  so,  shall  it 

6 


HOW  TO   ORGANIZE   A   CHILDREN  S    INSTITUTION 

contain  gymnasium  equipment  and  swimming  baths?  Shall  there 
be  a  separate  chapel  building?  Shall  there  be  a  separate  adminis- 
tration building,  and  if  so,  what  departments  shall  it  contain?  Shall 
the  employes  live  in  the  cottages  with  the  children,  or  shall  they  have 
individual  cottages  of  their  own,  or  shall  there  be  a  general  residence 
building  for  employes? 

Building  Material.  The  committee  must  decide  upon  the 
material  to  be  used  in  the  buildings.  Shall  they  be  constructed  of 
wood,  brick,  stucco,  reinforced  concrete,  concrete  blocks,  hollow 
tile,  or  shall  there  be  a  variety  of  material,  as,  for  example,  in  the 
Children's  Village  at  Chauncey,  New  York?  What^amount  of  space 
in  the  several  buildings  shall  be  devoted  to  dormitories,  sitting  rooms, 
play  rooms,  school  rooms,  dining  rooms,  kitchens,  baths  and  lava- 
tories, clothes  rooms  and  store  rooms? 

Selection  of  Site.  The  committee  must  decide  upon  a  location . 
This  decision  involves  the  question  whether  the  institution  shall  be 
located  on  a  farm  or  on  a  small  tract  of  land.  It  involves  the  ques- 
tion of  the  quality  of  the  land.  Shall  it  be  suitable  for  general  agri- 
culture, or  for  market  gardening,  or  for  fruit  raising?  The  site  must 
be  selected  with  reference  to  its  healthfulness,  drainage,  water  supply, 
adequate  sunlight,  etc.  Shall  a  location  be  sought  in  the  vicinity  of 
a  river  or  lake  in  order  to  secure  beautiful  surroundings,  principally 
for  bathing,  etc.?  The  site  must  be  selected  with  reference  to  the 
convenient  location  and  distribution  of  buildings.  For  example, 
some  juvenile  reformatories  are  now  dividing  their  land  up  into  small 
tracts  of  20  to  40  acres,  each  with  its  own  cottage,  stable  and  other 
buildings.  The  institution  must  be  located  with  reference  to  trans- 
portation facilities,  partly  for  convenience  and  economy  in  delivering 
building  material  and  other  supplies;  partly  for  convenience  of 
access  by  trustees,  visitors,  officers  delivering  children  and  parents 
visiting  their  children.  (In  some  cases  it  may  be  desirable  not  to 
make  the  Home  too  accessible  to  visitors.)  It  is  necessary  also  to 
take  into  account  the  convenience  of  employes  in  visiting  a  neigh- 
boring town  for  the  purpose  of  shopping  and  recreation.  It  is  diffi- 
cult to  keep  good  employes  at  a  remote  and  inaccessible  point. 

Conclusion.  It  is  desirable,  if  possible,  that  these  preliminary 
steps  be  taken  under  the  direction  of  the  directors  or  trustees  who 
are  to  manage  the  institution  subsequently.  The  practice  of  hav- 
ing an  institution  built  by  a  temporary  commission  and  turned  over 
afterwards  to  a  permanent  board  of  trustees  has  serious  inconveni- 
ences, for  the  reason  that  the  board  of  trustees  almost  invariably 

7 


COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

discovers  serious  omissions  on  the  part  of  the  temporary  commission, 
and  sometimes  the  defects  discovered  prove  to  be  radical  and  irre- 
deemable. 

It  may  be  desirable  to  secure  the  services  of  a  competent 
engineer,  an  expert  on  soil,  and  sometimes  a  landscape  gardener  in 
order  to  form  an  adequate  judgment  as  to  the  availability  of  the 
proposed  site;  also  to  obtain  the  services  of  a  competent  and  disin- 
terested real  estate  man  to  advise  as  to  the  price  which  should  be  paid. 

The  donation  of  a  site,  even  though  it  be  a  valuable  property, 
is  often  a  disadvantage.  Many  institutions  have  been  wrongly 
located  at  a  large  ultimate  loss  because  of  a  donation  of  land.  It 
is  a  great  mistake  to  allow  a  property  worth  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  dollars  to  be  disadvantageously  located  because  some  one  is  willing 
to  make  a  donation  of  §5,000  or  f  10,000  in  land  or  money.  It  is 
much  better  to  be  able  to  make  a  selection  with  sole  view  to  the  fitness 
of  the  location. 

The  architect  should  be  selected  early  in  the  proceedings.  If 
possible  he  should  have  had  some  practical  experience  in  erecting  in- 
stitutions. If  he  lacks  that  experience  it  will  be  economical  to  send 
him  at  the  expense  of  the  committee  to  study  similar  institutions. 
It  is  very  desirable  that  he  should  accompany  the  committee  in  any 
visits  that  they  may  make  in  order  that  they  may  receive  concurrent 
impressions.  The  architect  should  receive  adequate  compensation 
to  justify  him  in  rendering  the  best  possible  service.  There  is  no 
more  economical  expenditure  than  what  is  paid  for  adequate  studies, 
detailed  drawing  and  competent  superintendence. 

The  architect's  compensation  should  be  so  arranged  that  it 
will  not  be  an  advantage  to  him  to  increase  the  cost  of  the  plant,  and 
he  should  be  a  man  of  such  character  that  he  will  not  be  in  danger  of 
sacrificing  the  practical  utility  of  the  building  in  order  to  build  a 
monument  for  himself.  There  are  hundreds  of  institutions  in  the 
United  States  which  have  been  made  showy  and  pretentious  in  order 
to  produce  a  monumental  effect  while  the  provision  for  children  and 
employes  is  inadequate.  The  architect  should  know  how  to  secure 
beauty  by  the  lines  and  proportions  of  the  building  rather  than  by 
expensive  carving,  terra  cotta  and  ginger-bread  work.  He  should 
know  how  to  secure  the  maximum  of  valuable  space,  conveniently 
arranged,  with  the  minimum  of  waste  space  and  expensive  material. 

A  wise  committee  will  allow  themselves  sufficient  time  to  work 
out  their  problem.  It  is  absolutely  impossible  to  make  such  a  study 
as  here  proposed  successfully  within  a  period  of  30  or  60  days. 

8 


HOW   TO   ORGANIZE    A   CHILDREN  S    INSTITUTION 

PLANS  FOR  COTTAGE  INSTITUTIONS  PRESENTED* 

There  are  presented  herewith  several  plans  for  cottages  which 
are  considered  especially  meritorious :  f 

First:  An  elevation  and  floor  plans  for  a  children's  cottage  with 
outdoor  sleeping  porches,  providing  for  a  complete  domestic  estab- 
lishment for  twenty  children  and  two  care-takers.     (See  part  II.) 

Second:  A  view  and  plans  of  a  cottage  at  the  Jewish  Protectory 
at  Hawthorne,  N.  Y.,  accommodating  thirty  children,  without  kitchen 
or  dining-room.  This  institution  has  a  central  kitchen  and  dining- 
hall.  The  dormitory  arrangement  of  this  cottage  is  especially  good, 
providing  windows  on  three  sides.  The  sitting-rooms,  also,  are  very 
cheerful. 

Third:  A  view  and  floor  plans  of  a  cottage  at  the  Indiana  Girls' 
School,  Clermont,  Ind.  This  cottage  has  wings  set  at  an  angle  which 
secure  the  maximum  of  light  and  air.  The  second  floor  is  so  arranged 
that  the  door  of  every  girl's  room  is  visible  from  the  matron's  room, 
giving  a  very  complete  oversight. 

Fourth:  A  view  and  floor  plans  of  a  cottage  at  the  Illinois 
Training  School  for  Girls.  This  cottage  is  rectangular  in  form,  se- 
curing the  highest  economy  of  construction.  On  the  first  floor,  the 
assembly  room  at  one  end  and  the  dining  room  at  the  other,  extend- 
ing clear  across  the  building,  minimize  the  amount  of  space  required 
for  corridors. 

Fijth:  Floor  plans  of  the  Philadelphia  House  of  Refuge  for 
Girls.  In  this  cottage,  like  the  Indiana  cottage,  the  arrangement 
is  such  as  to  place  the  door  of  every  girl's  room  under  supervision 
from  the  room  of  the  officer  in  charge.  The  doors  of  the  girls'  rooms 
are  never  locked,  but  an  annunciator  records  the  opening  of  any  door. 

Sixth:  A  view  and  floor  plans  of  the  Evanston  receiving  home 
of  the  Illinois  Children's  Home  and  Aid  Society.  This  cottage  is 
unique  in  the  fact  that  a  receiving  ward  is  located  on  the  third  floor 
and  is  not  connected  with  the  rest  of  the  house,  having  a  separate 
fireproof  staircase  of  its  own  and  outdoor  roof  garden  for  exercise. 
Incoming  children  undergo  a  quarantine  of  about  two  weeks  in  this 
ward.  On  the  second  floor  provision  is  made  for  twelve  little  children 
from  one  to  five  years  of  age.     On  the  first  floor  are  the  kitchen, 

*  After  writing  the  foregoing,  the  writer  discovered  in  the  files  of  the  Russell 
Sage  Foundation,  a  report  on  the  Albany  Orphan  Asylum  which  admirably  illus- 
trates the  principles  here  set  forth.     See  pages  10-13. 

t  For  the  pages  on  which  views  and  floor  plans  of  these  cottages  may  be 
found,  see  the  List  of  Illustrations. 

9 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

dining  room,  etc.,  and  a  day  room  for  twelve  older  girls  who  have 
their  dormitories  on  the  second  floor  in  a  separate  department  from 
the  smaller  children. 

This  house  is  fireproof,  being  built  of  brick,  reinforced  concrete, 
and  steel.  It  is  so  arranged  as  to  divide  the  children  into  small 
groups.  Only  one  dormitory  contains  more  than  four  children,  and 
there  are  several  single  rooms. 

Seventh:  A  general  view  of  the  Albany  Orphan  Asylum  with 
floor  plans  of  one  cottage.  The  Albany  Orphan  Asylum  is  an  excel- 
lent example  of  the  modern  cottage  institution.  It  provides  130 
beds  for  children.  The  value  of  the  plant  per  bed  is  I1279.  The 
annual  current  expense  is  I191  per  child.  There  are  four  cottages, 
each  providing  for  about  32  children.  Each  cottage  has  two  dormi- 
tories. There  is  an  excellent  arrangement  of  dressing-rooms,  locker- 
rooms,  etc.  The  dormitories  have  windows  on  two  sides  and  are  so 
arranged  as  to  permit  cross-ventilation  through  adjoining  rooms. 


REORGANIZATION  OF  THE  ALBANY  ORPHAN  ASYLUM 

The  history  of  the  reorganization  of  the  Albany  Orphan  Asylum 
is  an  excellent  illustration  of  the  right  way  to  execute  such  an  under- 
taking. It  is  recorded  as  follows  in  a  report  of  Hiram  W.  Slack,  a 
special  agent  of  the  Russell  Sage  Foundation,  who  inspected  the 
institution  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  these  facts. 

For  seventy-five  years  the  asylum  was  carried  on  under  the 
congregate  plan.  Certain  considerations  which  led  to  a  change  of 
plan  are  presented  in  a  report  of  the  board  of  managers  made  in  1906, 
as  follows:  "For  more  than  three-quarters  of  a  century  the  asylum 
has  quietly  done  its  work  and  has  cared  for  over  8,500  children.  .  . 
But  time  has  brought  certain  changes  in  the  relation  of  the  commun- 
ity with  its  charities.  .  .  .  The  growth  of  public  institutions 
has  aroused,  and  occasional  shortcomings  have  apparently  justified, 
the  suspicion  that  the  individual  is  overwhelmed  in  the  mass,  and 
that  personality  may  be  destroyed  by  deadly  routine.  .  .  .  The 
managers  have  long  felt  their  inability  to  solve  two  important  prob- 
lems. They  have  been  unable  to  avoid  the  congregation  of  the 
children  in  large  buildings  and  to  provide  instruction  in  so-called 
'manual  training.'  A  means  of  correcting  these  defects  did  not 
appear  until  the  opportunity  recently  given  by  the  sale  of  the  asylum 
property  to  the  State  Normal  College.  The  purchase  of  another 
estate  and  the  erection  of  new  buildings  now  afford  the  long  desired 
chance  to  remodel  the  institution  on  modern  lines." 

This  report  goes  on  to  say  that  by  reason  of  limitation  of  funds 

10 


HOW  TO   ORGANIZE   A   CHILDREN'S   INSTITUTION 


SecoNO  rtooB  PLftN- 

COTTfJSCS 


nesr  n.ooa  f\.m4 
CorTf^aea 


Albany  Orphan  Asylum — Floor  Plans 
11 


COTTAGE    AND    CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

the  board  of  managers  was  compelled  to  decide  whether  "a.  great 
man}^  children  shall  be  taken  from  the  streets  and  herded  in  large 
buildings,  or  a  small  number  grouped  in  cottages  and  properly 
trained."  At  that  time  the  number  of  children  cared  for  was  about 
300.  The  board  adopted  the  cottage  plan  and  the  number  of  chil- 
dren under  care  was  reduced  about  two-thirds. 

The  board  of  managers  presents  the  ''Report  of  the  Special 
Committee  to  Visit  Orphan  Asylums,"  in  which  is  given  a  general 
statement  of  various  methods  of  caring  for  neglected  children  and 
cogent  reasons  for  the  adoption  of  the  cottage  plan.  This  special 
committee  visited  other  institutions  of  both  sorts  and  gave  careful 
consideration  to  general  aspects  of  child-caring  work  as  well  as  to 
local  conditions  and  demands.  Their  recommendation  was  unani- 
mous for  the  cottage  plan.  There  was  available  the  sum  of  $140,000. 
Ten  thousand  dollars  were  expended  upon  a  tract  of  land  of  more  than 
80  acres,  which  provides  farm  and  garden  opportunities  for  the 
asylum. 

Plans  for  buildings  were  secured,  and  in  1907  and  1908  there 
were  erected  four  cottages  for  children,  an  administration  and  school- 
room building,  a  residence  building  for  superintendent  and  teachers, 
a  building  containing  laundry  and  reception  ward  for  children,  and  a 
stable.  In  all  buildings  except  the  stable  the  material  used  is  brick 
upon  concrete  foundations.  The  architecture  is  simple  but  pleasing, 
and  everywhere  shows  adaptability  to  the  purposes  for  which  in- 
tended. Such  ornamentation  as  there  is  is  effected  by  the  use  of  the 
common  material  and  does  not  detract  from  usefulness  and  a  just 
sense  of  proportion. 

The  administration  building  contains,  on  the  first  floor,  store 
rooms,  offices,  library  and  kindergarten.  On  the  second  floor  is  a 
commodious  assembly  room.  Two  wings  are  devoted  to  school 
rooms  on  the  first  and  second  floors,  with  manual  training  rooms  in 
the  basement.  The  school  rooms  are  not  large  and  would  be  inade- 
quate should  the  number  of  children  be  increased. 

The  superintendent's  cottage  contains  apartments  also  for  the 
teachers,  who  form  a  family  by  themselves.  Heat  is  supplied  in 
common  from  the  boilers  in  the  basement  and  there  is  one  kitchen 
for  the  two  families.  This  arrangement  is  supposed  to  secure  econ- 
omy of  operation  as  well  as  of  structure,  in  that  one  set  of  servants 
may  do  the  work  for  the  two  households. 

The  cottages  form  the  most  distinctive  feature  of  this  institu- 
tion. In  general  plan  and  structure  they  conform  to  the  type  of  the 
other  buildings.  A  formal  plan  was  adopted  in  placing  them;  they 
are  arranged  along  two  slightly  diverging  lines  extending  back  from 
the  main  building.  Other  cottages  may  be  placed  along  these  lines 
as  the  capacity  of  the  institution  is  increased.  These  cottages  may 
well  be  taken  as  models  in  economy  of  construction,  in  general  ar- 
rangement and  harmony  of  apartments,  and  adaptability  to  the 
purpose  of  home-making.  There  are  play  rooms  in  the  basements, 
with  toilet  facilities.     On  the  first  floor  are  the  kitchen,  dining  room 

12 


HOW   TO   ORGANIZE    A   CHILDREN  S    INSTITUTION 

and  general  sitting  room,  all  large,  convenient  and  attractive;  and 
in  addition,  small  quiet  rooms  where  a  child  or  an  officer  may  meet  a 
friend  alone  or  read  in  seclusion.  The  dormitories  on  the  second 
floor  are  large  and  airy,  with  bath-room  and  toilet  adjoining.  The 
matron's  room  occupies  a  commanding  position  at  the  front;  and  in 
addition  there  is  a  good-sized  room  set  apart  for  occupancy  by  any 
child  who  may  be  slightly  ailing  or  who  for  any  reason  should  sleep 
apart  from  the  larger  number.  On  the  third  floor  are  two  pleasant 
rooms  for  officers  and  large  attic  space  for  storage. 

In  the  original  plan  of  the  board  of  managers  it  was  designed 
to  limit  the  cottages  to  about  25  children;  but  there  are  now  fifteen 
beds  in  each  of  the  two  dormitories,  which  with  the  small  sick-room, 
gives  accommodation  for  32  children  in  each  cottage. 

The  accommodations  for  incoming  children  are  not  up  to  the 
standards  of  the  asylum  in  other  respects,  though  they  are  sanitary 
enough,  and  probably  adequate  for  the  number  now  being  received. 
The  second  floor  of  the  laundry  building  has  been  fitted  up  for  this 
purpose,  the  large  space  being  temporarily  divided  into  small  rooms 
by  board  partitions.  But  there  are  no  general  rooms  for  eating  and 
play  purposes,  and  the  whole  space  is  not  well  suited  to  this  use. 
No  hospital  facilities  are  provided  and  the  presence  of  the  Albany 
Hospital  nearby  makes  such  provision  at  the  asylum  unnecessary. 

It  is  the  opinion  of  the  matron  that  the  increased  cost  of  main- 
tenance under  the  cottage  plan  is  from  one-fourth  to  one-third  more 
than  under  the  congregate  plan,  the  increased  cost  being  due  chiefly 
to  the  demand  for  more  attendants. 

Although  the  institution  has  a  large  endowment,  this  is  not  at 
present  sufficient  to  meet  all  expenses.  The  per  capita  cost  is  about 
I3. 50  per  week.  A  charge  is  made  to  Albany  County  of  $2.00,  and  to 
other  counties  of  I2.50  per  week  for  each  child.  The  statistics  of 
population  indicate  that  only  a  small  number  are  orphans.  De- 
sertion by  one  or  both  parents  is  the  most  common  cause  of  depen- 
dency. 

In  no  institution  that  I  have  visited  is  the  ideal  of  home  life  for 
the  child  more  successfully  and  consistently  realized  than  here.  All 
the  conditions  of  comfortable  and  happy  life  are  met  in  the  cottages. 
The  heating  apparatus  is  there,  and  the  water  supply;  and  there  the 
food  is  prepared  and  eaten.  Throughout  the  institution  there  are  no 
boiler  houses  or  smoke  stacks  or  water  tanks  to  remind  one  of  the 
aspects  of  a  great  manufacturing  plant.  Only,  as  in  the  ordinary 
community,  the  educational  and  the  religious  interests  are  common 
to  all  its  members.  The  asylum  affords  an  excellent  illustration  of 
the  genuine  cottage  system. 


II 

PLANS  FOR  A  CHILDREN'S  COTTAGE  WITH 
OUTDOOR  SLEEPING  PORCHES 


I 
il 


II 

PLANS    FOR   A  CHILDREN'S    COTTAGE    WITH 
OUTDOOR   SLEEPING    PORCHES 

THE  following  suggestions,  with  the  accompanying  plans  for  a 
children's  cottage  with  outdoor  sleeping  quarters,  are  original 
with  the  writer,  having  been  embodied  in  suggestions  made 
to  the  managers  of  the  Laurel  Industrial  School  for  delinquent  boys 
at  Laurel,  Va.,  in  1909. 

At  least  one-half  of  all  children  sent  to  juvenile  reformatories, 
orphan  asylums,  etc.,  are  physically  defective,  either  because  of  bad 
heredity,  or  because  of  poor  feeding  and  unfavorable  environment. 

Many  of  these  children  are  taken  from  insanitary  surroundings 
of  homes,  and  are  put  into  dormitories  in  a  congregate  building. 
These  dormitories  have  usually  insufficient  ventilation  and  sunlight. 
They  are  often  placed  on  one  side  of  the  building,  where  cross  venti- 
lation cannot  be  secured,  and  they  are  so  built  that  window  ventila- 
tion cannot  be  had  without  a  direct  draft  upon  the  heads  of  the 
sleepers.  It  is  a  common  thing  to  find  the  sanitary  conditions  in 
such  dormitories  quite  as  bad  as  in  the  homes  from  which  these  un- 
fortunate children  come.  The  practice  is  now  well  established  of 
providing  outdoor  sleeping  porches,  not  only  for  tubercular  patients 
and  patients  suffering  from  pneumonia,  but  also  for  crippled,  de- 
formed and  anemic  children,  who  are  either  sick  or  physically  de- 
fective, yet  these  children  sleep  with  impunity  in  the  open,  without 
deleterious  effects. 

If  sick  people  and  feeble  anemic  children  can  sleep  in  the  open 
air  with  beneficial  effects,  what  is  to  prevent  the  adoption  of  the 
same  method  for  healthy  growing  children?  It  is  proposed,  there- 
fore, that  in  building  institutions  for  children,  arrangements  shall  be 
made  for  outdoor  sleeping  porches  for  at  least  33  per  cent  of  the 
children.  It  is  believed  that  this  method  might  be  profitably  adopted 
for  the  entire  institution  population.  Mrs.  Martha  P.  Falconer, 
superintendent  of  the  Philadelphia  Girls'  House  of  Refuge,  has 
for  years  slept  out  of  doors  with  a  considerable  portion  of  her  girls. 

17 


COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 


Iff Ijj 

1  . 

L 

i8 


PLANS    FOR   A   COTTAGE    WITH   OUTDOOR    SLEEPING    PORCHES 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 


20 


plans  for  a  cottage  with  outdoor  sleeping  porches 

Plans  for  a  Cottage  with  Outdoor  Sleeping  Porches 

Plans  have  been  prepared,  therefore,  by  the  author,  with  the 
assistance  of  Mr.  Robert  W.  Gardner,  of  New  York,  Architect,  for  a 
cottage  to  accommodate  twenty  children,  with  four  outdoor  sleeping 
porches  for  five  children  each,  and  with  indoor  dressing  rooms,  bath- 
rooms, study,  dining  room,  kitchen,  and  apartments  for  house  father 
and  house  mother.  Should  these  plans  be  used  for  a  juvenile  re- 
formatory cottage,  the  sleeping  porches  can  be  protected  by  steel 
lattice  work,  if  desired,  but  it  is  believed  that  most  superintendents 
would  prefer  to  build  them  without  such  protection,  relying  upon  the 
moral  force  of  the  institution,  or  locking  up  the  day  clothes  of  the 
boys  at  night. 

Plans  for  sleeping  porches  have  been  prepared  under  the  advice 
of  the  National  Association  for  the  Study  and  Prevention  of  Tubercu- 
losis. The  porches  have  been  arranged  in  two  stories,  in  order  to 
bring  the  children  under  the  close  supervision  of  the  house  father 
and  house  mother.  They  have  been  so  arranged  with  reference  to 
the  sitting  room  and  bedroom  of  those  officers,  that  the  oificers  can 
observe  each  of  the  four  sleeping  porches  at  all  hours  of  the  night, 
without  leaving  their  apartment.  The  electric  lights  on  the  porches 
will  be  controlled  from  the  centre. 

The  ready  observation  of  the  four  sleeping  porches  is  provided 
for  by  setting  the  apartments  of  the  oificers  on  a  diflferent  level  from 
those  of  the  children,  in  order  to  enable  them  to  command  a  view  of 
two  floors  at  once. 

On  the  ground  floor  are  provided  two  dressing  rooms  with 
locker,  baths  and  lavatories,  for  ten  children  each.  From  the  dress- 
ing rooms,  two  stairways  lead  to  the  first  floor  sleeping  porches.  A 
night  toilet  is  located  adjacent  to  each  sleeping  porch,  within  the 
walls  of  the  central  building,  in  order  to  avoid  danger  of  freezing. 

On  the  same  level  with  the  first  floor  sleeping  porches  are 
provided  kitchen,  pantry  and  dining  room  for  twenty-two  persons; 
the  intention  being  to  make  this  cottage  an  independent  domestic 
establishment,  the  work  of  which  will  be  performed  by  the  cottage 
mother,  with  the  assistance  of  the  children.  Immediately  above  the 
dressing  rooms  are  the  sitting  room  and  bedroom  of  the  house  father 
and  house  mother,  who  are  expected  to  be  husband  and  wife;  the 
husband  to  be  employed  in  some  capacity  in  connection  with  the 
institution.  These  two  rooms  are  supplied  with  large  front  windows, 
and  are  so  arranged  that  cross  ventilation  can  be  provided. 

21 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

Four  feet  higher  than  the  officers'  rooms  are  the  second  floor 
sleeping  porches,  and,  on  the  same  level,  the  children's  study,  ar- 
ranged with  windows  on  three  sides,  looking  east,  north  and  west. 
The  study  immediately  adjoins  the  officers'  apartments,  and  will  be 
overlooked  therefrom.  By  this  arrangement  the  house  mother, 
without  leaving  her  own  apartment,  can  exercise  immediate  over- 
sight over  the  four  sleeping  rooms  and  the  children's  study. 

The  accompanying  drawing  illustrates  the  manner  in  which 
the  sleeping  porches  can  be  overseen  from  the  officers'  apartments. 

This  cottage  is  planned  to  be  built  of  glazed  hollow  tile,  with 
floors  of  hollow  tile  and  reinforced  concrete.  This  construction  will 
apply  to  the  sleeping  porches  as  well  as  to  the  central  portion  of  the 
cottage.  It  will  apply  also  to  the  second-story  ceilings.  The  roof 
will  be  of  tile,  wooden  joists  and  roof  boards.  The  wooden  portion 
of  the  roof  will  be  the  only  inflammable  part  of  the  building,  except 
the  doors,  windows  and  maple  floors  for  the  children's  study  and 
officers'  apartments. 


ikS EPW4(  7*0  »t»* 


Swcci^iwc  Rjut 


COTTASK  Ma"*4S')^ 


^i-CEnnq  T^nci 


Cross-section,  Showing  Sleeping  Porches 


The  cost  of  this  cottage  has  been  carefully  estimated  by  the 
architect,  the  figures  for  the  tiles,  cement  and  mason  work  being 
based  on  actual  bids,  and  the  figures  for  the  plumbing,  woodwork, 
roof  work,  metal  work,  etc.,  being  based  on  the  architect's  experience 
in  similar  buildings.  The  entire  estimated  cost  is  $ii,ioo.  The 
cost  of  this  cottage  could  be  much  reduced  in  some  places,  by  build- 
ing of  wood,  as  has  been  done  at  the  Good  Will  Farm,  Hinckley, 
Maine,  and  the  State  Agricultural  and  Industrial  School  at  Industry, 
N.  Y.;  but  it  is  believed  that,  in  the  long  run,  the  fireproof  construc- 
tion will  be  both  cheaper  and  more  sanitary. 

The  commission  appointed  to  select  a  site,  and  make  prelimin- 
ary plans  for  the  New  York  State  Training  School  for  Boys,  has 

22 


PLANS   FOR   A   COTTAGE   WITH   OUTDOOR   SLEEPING    PORCHES 

estimated  the  cost  of  building  fifty  dormitory  cottages  for  sixteen 
boys  each,  at  $i  i,ooo  per  cottage.  This  cottage  will  cost  the  same, 
and  will  provide  for  twenty  children  instead  of  sixteen,  which  is  2^n 
increase  of  25  per  cent  in  capacity. 

We  are  inclined  to  the  opinion  that  within  a  few  years  new  in- 
stitutions for  children  will  provide  outdoor  sleeping  for  at  least  the 
majority  of  the  inmates.  We  are  not  prepared  at  this  time  to  make 
a  sweeping  recommendation,  but  have  no  hesitation  in  expressing 
the  belief  that  outdoor  sleeping  accommodation  should  be  provided 
for  at  least  25  per  cent  of  the  children  in  the  average  juvenile  reforma- 
tory, or  home  for  dependent  children. 


23 


Ill 

STUDY  OF  FIFTY  COTTAGE  AND  CONGRE- 
GATE INSTITUTIONS 


Ill 

CONGREGATE  AND  COTTAGE   INSTITUTIONS 
FOR  CHILDREN 

A  STUDY  OF  FIFTY  INSTITUTIONS 

THIS  Study  was  undertaken  for  the  information  of  boards  of 
trustees  who  are  contemplating  the  building  or  enlargement 
of  institutions  for  children.  Many  juvenile  reformatories, 
orphan  asylums  and  children's  homes  are  located  on  tracts  of  land 
which  have  become  surrounded  by  buildings  and  are  no  longer  adapted 
to  the  purpose,  but  have  increased  in  value.  Some  of  these  have 
been  sold  and  the  proceeds  have  furnished  the  means  for  purchasing 
land  and  building  modern  institutions  in  the  country. 

In  most  cases,  it  is  desired  to  adopt  the  cottage  plan  for  the 
new  institutions,  but  boards  of  trustees  labor  under  the  disadvantage 
of  not  having  available  concrete  information  as  to  the  relative  cost 
of  building  on  the  cottage  plan,  and  also  as  to  the  increase,  if  any,  in 
the  necessary  cost  of  operating  institutions  on  the  cottage  plan. 
This  study  includes  typical  institutions  on  both  the  congregate  and 
the  cottage  plan,  in  different  parts  of  the  country. 

The  method  of  the  study  has  been  for  an  agent  of  the  Russell 
Sage  Foundation  to  visit  each  institution,  with  the  consent  and  co- 
operation of  the  management,  to  measure  up  each  room  in  each 
building,  to  ascertain  as  nearly  as  possible  the  cost  of  the  lands  and 
buildings,  and  to  obtain  a  statement  of  the  current  expenses  of  the 
institution  for  a  period  of  one  year.  It  was  deemed  impracticable 
and  unnecessary  to  include  a  larger  number  of  institutions  in  this 
study.  Those  dealt  with,  however,  are  regarded  as  typical.  Some 
admirable  institutions  have  been  omitted  because  their  standards  of 
building  and  equipment  are  too  high  for  the  average  board  of  trustees 
to  adopt.  Others  of  high  merit  are  omitted  because  it  is  believed  that 
a  comparative  exhibit  would  do  them  injustice  without  a  fuller  ex- 
planation than  is  possible  under  the  limitations  of  this  publication. 
The  effort  has  been  made  to  make  the  comparison  of  the  different 
institutions  on  as  uniform  a  basis  as  possible,  but  it  has  been  im- 
possible to  make  the  comparisons  exactly  uniform,  for  the  reason  that 
the  institutions  have  been  built  at  different  periods,  of  different 
materials,  and  on  different  plans. 

27 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

The  Study  covers  50  institutions,  of  which  23  are  for  dehn- 
quent  children  (6  on  the  congregate  and  17  on  the  cottage  plan), 
and  27  for  dependent  children  (17  on  the  congregate  plan  and  10  on 
the  cottage  plan).  The  cottage  plan  is  becoming  the  prevailing  plan 
in  the  United  States  for  delinquent  children,  while  the  congregate 
plan  is  still  the  prevailing  plan  for  dependent  children.  Most  of  the 
institutions  for  dependent  children  are  small  establishments,  whose 
inmates  can  readily  be  accommodated  in  a  single  building.  Most  of 
the  institutions  for  delinquent  children  are  growing  large  and  most 
of  them  are  supported  or  aided  from  public  funds.  The  rapid  en- 
largement of  such  institutions  is  a  necessity,  and  the  tendency  is  for 
them  to  adopt  the  most  modern  plans. 

On  the  other  hand,  there  has  been  a  sharp  check  in  the  building 

of  orphan  asylums  and  other  institutions  for  dependent  children, 

^wing  to  the  rapid  development  of  the  placing-out  system  for  the 

care  of  dependent  children.    The  state  schools  for  dependent  children 

established  in  Michigan,  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin  have  required  no 

enlargement  for  many  years.     The  building  of  county  homes  in 

"o  and  Indiana  has  come  to  a  standstill.     In  Indiana  eight  or  ten 

junty  homes  have  already  been  closed,  and  others  are  likely  to  go 

jt  of  use.     In  Massachusetts  the  building  of  orphan  asylums  has 

^^en  practically  discontinued  and  at  least  twelve  orphan  asylums 

and  children's  homes  have  been  closed  within  the  past  few  years. 

These  facts  will  account  for  the  slower  extension  of  the  cottage  system 

for  dependent  children;   but  some  of  the  newer  institutions  of  this 

class,  like  the  New  York  Orphanage,  the  Albany  Orphan  Asylum,  the 

New  York  Asylum  for  Colored  Children,  and  the  Rose  Orphan  Asylum 

at  Terre  Haute,  have  adopted  the  cottage  plan. 

The  White  House  Conference,  called  by  President  Roosevelt 
at  Washington,  in  1909,  pronounced  emphatically  in  favor  of  the 
cottage  plan,  and  indicated  the  number  of  25  as  a  desirable  cottage 
unit.  The  cottage  unit  in  the  New  York  Juvenile  Asylum  is  20; 
the  proposed  cottage  unit  for  the  New  York  Training  School  for 
Boys,  which  is  designed  for  800  boys,  is  16. 

Considerable  difference  of  opinion  has  developed  as  to  the 
materials  to  be  used  in  constructing  cottages.  The  cottages  of  the 
Good- Will  Farm  in  Maine,  built  1892  to  1909,  and  the  New  York 
State  Agricultural  and  Industrial  School  at  Industry,  built  1905 
to  1909,  are  of  wood.  The  objections  to  this  material  are,  first,  its 
inflammable  character,  and,  second,  its  lack  of  durability.  The 
cottages  at  Industry,  only  three  years  old,  already  call  for  considerable 

28 


Second-floor  Plan 


M.  S.  Heidelberg,  Architect 


First-floor  Plan 
Boys'  Cottage,  Jewish  Protectory,  Hawthorne,  New  York 

29 


COTTAGE    AND    CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

repairs.  Many  institutions  have  adopted  a  substantial  form  of 
slow-burning  construction,  such  as  is  found  in  the  St.  Charles  School 
for  Boys,  in  Illinois,  and  the  Jewish  Protectory,  in  New  York. 

The  rapid  improvement  and  cheapening  of  fire-proof  construc- 
tion, with  the  increasing  cost  of  lumber,  indicate  the  probability  of 
complete  fire-proof  construction  hereafter.  Fire-proof  cottages  are 
now  being  constructed  of  hollow  tile  at  a  cost  only  a  fraction  above 
that  for  brick  cottages  with  interior  wood  construction.  Hollow 
tile  can  be  laid  with  great  rapidity,  by  workmen  of  moderate  skill. 
They  produce  a  wall  which  is  impervious  to  moisture  with  a  very  large 
proportion  of  air  space,  producing  warmth  in  winter  and  coolness  in 
summer.  By  a  combination  of  hollow  tile  and  reinforced  concrete 
construction,  fire-proof  floors  are  laid  at  moderate  cost,  with  great 
rapidity  and  entire  security.  A  similar  combination  is  possible  for 
the  construction  of  staircases. 

The  hollow  tile  can  be  finished  in  stucco  on  the  outside  at  a 
moderate  cost.  They  permit  of  plastering  on  the  inside  without 
lath  or  furring,  and  the  plastering  is  much  less  liable  to  damage  than 
plastering  of  the  old  type.  Partitions  can  be  constructed  of  hollow 
tile;  fire-proof  stairways  can  be  constructed  at  moderate  expense  of 
reinforced  concrete;  floors  can  be  finished  in  concrete  on  top  of  the 
tiling  for  hall-ways,  dormitories  and  dining  rooms.  Wooden  floors 
can  be  laid  on  top  of  the  concrete  for  sitting  rooms  and  kitchens, 
though  concrete  floors  are  now  being  used  quite  freely  for  all  purposes. 
The  concrete  floor  is  both  cheap  and  permanent,  if  properly  laid. 

There  is  a  decided  sentiment  in  favor  of  separate  heating  plants 
for  cottages  in  institutions  for  delinquents.  The  expense  of  in- 
stalling a  large  distributing  plant  is  considerable,  and  while  the  steam 
fitters  stoutly  maintain  that  steam  can  be  distributed  without  ap- 
preciable loss,  it  is  only  necessary  to  make  a  winter  visit  to  any 
cottage  institution  where  steam  is  distributed  in  order  to  trace  the 
covered  steam  pipes  by  the  melting  of  the  snow  or  the  early  sprouting 
of  the  grass  in  spring.  It  is  true  that  there  is  some  loss  in  firing  by 
inexperienced  boys,  but  this  loss  will  be  very  small  if  the  cottage 
managers  are  sufficiently  alert.  Under  present  building  conditions, 
the  saving  in  installing  a  distributing  steam  plant  will  suffice  to 
cover  the  difference  in  the  cost  of  fire-proof  construction. 

In  some  of  the  newer  cottage  institutions,  for  boys  as  well  as  for 
girls,  a  separate  domestic  establishment  is  provided  for  each  cottage, 
including  dining  rooms,  kitchens,  and,  in  some  institutions,  bakeries. 
In  institutions  for  delinquent  girls,  the  desirability  of  this  arrange- 

30 


A    STUDY    OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 

ment  is  unquestionable,  not  only  to  afford  opportunity  for  the  domes- 
tic training  of  the  girls,  but  also  to  promote  suitable  classification  and 
to  develop  normal  social  life.  In  institutions  for  girls  it  is  desirable 
also  that  the  laundry  work  should  be  distributed  among  the  cottages 
as  a  means  of  domestic  training. 

In  institutions  for  delinquent  boys,  the  plan  of  a  central  kitchen, 
bakery  and  dining  plant  has  generally  prevailed,  but  recently  a 
strong  movement  has  developed  in  favor  of  a  separate  domestic 
plant  for  each  cottage.  This  plan  prevails  at  the  New  York  State 
Agricultural  and  Industrial  School,  and  is  strongly  urged  by  the 
commission  which  is  preparing  plans  for  the  New  York  State  Train- 
ing School.  In  the  latter  case,  the  commission  has  advised  that  the 
cottage  unit  be  made  also  the  school  unit.  This  school  plan  is  not 
favored  by  most  of  the  experienced  superintendents  of  boys'  reform- 
atories. 

STATISTICAL  TABLES  DISCUSSED* 

The  institutions  under  consideration  have  been  divided,  for 
purposes  of  convenient  study,  into  four  classes:  institutions  for 
delinquent  children,  congregate  and  cottage,  and  institutions  for 
dependent  children,  congregate  and  cottage.  We  present  herewith 
a  summary  of  the  examination  made  of  each  of  the  50  institutions, 
which  may  be  studied  by  the  reader  at  his  leisure.  The  information 
obtained  has  been  summarized  in  tabular  form  for  the  convenience  of 
those  who  desire  to  compare  the  different  institutions. 

These  tables  cannot  be  used  for  invidious  comparisons  without 
great  injustice,  because  of  the  sharply  varying  conditions.  For 
example,  take  the  Cincinnati  Children's  Home,  which  shows  the 
largest  amount  of  floor  space  per  child,  and  the  largest  per  capita  cost 
of  plant  of  any  of  the  congregate  institutions  for  dependent  children. 
The  per  capita  cost  is  based  upon  the  number  of  children  who  live 
in  the  home,  but  as  a  matter  of  fact  the  home  contains  a  large  amount 
of  space  which  is  devoted  to  day  nurseries.  If  that  space  could  be 
eliminated,  there  would  be  a  corresponding  reduction  both  in  the 
amount  of  floor  space  and  the  cost  of  the  plant. 

TABLE     I. — SUMMARY    OF    DETAILS     SHOWN     IN     FOLLOWING    TABLES 

Table  i  is  a  consolidated  statement  summarizing  the  contents 
of  the  succeeding  tables  as  to  floor  space  per  child,  total  floor  space 
per  bed,  cost  of  plant  per  bed,  and  current  expense  per  child.    The 
*  See  pages  55  to  86. 
31 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 


\ f 


Indiana  Girls'  School,  Clermont,  Indiana 

Cottage — First-floor  Plan 

This  cottage  is  admirably  planned.  The  kitchen  and  laundry  are  cut  oflF 
from  the  rest  of  the  cottage  by  the  dining  room,  avoiding  kitchen  smells  and  summer 
heat.  The  school  rooms  are  admirably  lighted.  Hall  space  is  saved  by  placing  them 
at  the  end  of  the  corridor.  Suitable  accommodations  are  provided  for  the  officers. 
The  domestic  department  gives  opportunity  for  cooking,  laundry  work,  etc.,  on  the 
plan  of  an  ordinary  household. 


32 


A   STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 


CRAVEU  ROOF 


TW  ROOF  OF   fttOHT  *ORCH 


Indiana  Girls'  School,  Clermont,  Indiana 

Cottage — Second-floor  Plan 

This  floor  provides  separate  rooms  for  30  girls.  The  matron's  room  commands 
a  view  of  every  door  on  the  floor.  Girls'  rooms  are  not  locked,  but  if  a  girl  opens 
her  door  an  electric  signal  is  given  in  the  matron's  room.  The  lighting  of  this  building 
is  ideal.  Nearly  every  room  gets  sunlight  at  some  hour  in  the  day.  This  is  an  excel- 
lent example  of  the  modern  cottage  for  delinquent  girls. 


33 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

rank  of  each  institution  is  given  under  each  heading.  For  example, 
among  cottage  institutions  for  deHnquents,  the  St.  Charles  School 
for  Boys  stands  first  in  floor  space  per  child  for  children's  use, 
tenth  in  total  floor  space  for  all  purposes  per  child,  fourth  in  cost  of 
plant  per  bed,  and  fourth  in  per  capita  expense.  The  Cleveland 
Boys'  Home  stands  third  in  floor  space  for  children's  use,  fifth  in  total 
floor  space,  eleventh  in  cost  of  plant,  and  first  in  current  expense  per 
capita  (the  last,  because  it  is  a  new  institution  recently  started). 

Among  congregate  institutions  for  dependents,  the  Cleveland 
Jewish  Orphan  Asylum  stands  eighth  in  space  for  children's  use, 
sixteenth  in  total  floor  space,  sixth  in  cost  of  plant  per  child  and  fourth 
in  current  expense  per  child. 


TABLES  2  AND  3. — FLOOR   SPACE    IN    INSTITUTIONS    FOR   DELINQUENTS 
— CONGREGATE  AND  COTTAGE 

These  two  tables  indicate  the  floor  space  devoted  to  children's 
use  in  dormitories,  day  rooms,  dining  rooms,  etc.  The  space  allotted 
to  children  in  the  congregate  institutions  is  10.4  per  cent  less  than 
in  the  cottage  institutions,  as  follows: 

Total  Floor  Space  for  Children's  Use  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 

Institutions  for  Delinquents:                                Minimum       Maximum  Average 

6  Congregate  Institutions       ....     95                  iqi  120 

17  Cottage  Institutions 83                  1Q3  134 

Out  of  17  cottage  institutions,  one  has  less  than  100  square 
feet,  five  have  from  100  to  120  square  feet,  four  have  between  120 
and  135  square  feet,  and  seven  have  more  than  135  square  feet  per 
child.    . 

As  the  institution  is  built  for  the  children,  we  may  well  examine 
the  allowance  of  floor  space  for  each  child. 


Details  of  Floor  Space  for  Children  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 
Institutions  for  Delinquents:  Minimum        Maximum 

Dormitories 
6  Congregate  Institutions 
17  Cottage  Institutions     . 

Day  Rooms  or  Sitting  Rooms 
6  Congregate  Institutions 
17  Cottage  Institutions    . 

Dining  Rooms 
6  Congregate  Institutions 
17  Cottage  Institutions     . 
Play  Rooms 
6  Congregate  Institutions 
17  Cottage  Institutions     . 

School  Rooms 
6  Congregate  Institutions 
17  Cottage  Institutions    . 

34 


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Illinois  Training  School  for  Girls,  Geneva 


A   STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 

The  surprising  fact  appears  that  the  average  dormitory  accom- 
modation in  the  congregate  institutions  is  materially  larger  than  in 
the  cottage  institutions.  This  is  doubtless  due  partly  to  the  fact 
that  boards  of  health  have  forbidden  over-crowding  in  the  older  insti- 
tutions, especially  where  the  ventilation  is  defective.  It  is  due  partly 
to  the  fact  that  the  cottage  institutions  have  been  carefully  planned 
so  as  to  economize  dormitory  space,  and  that  the  dormitories  in  most 
of  the  cottage  institutions  are  so  arranged  as  to  permit  of  the  most 
complete  ventilation.  For  example,  in  the  new  cottages  at  the  Chil- 
dren's Village  atChauncey,  New  York,  and  at  the  Jewish  Protectory 
at  Hawthorne,  New  York,  the  dormitories  have  windows  on  three 
sides.  In  other  cottages  arrangements  are  made  so  as  to  permit  a 
free  ventilation  through  gondola  roofs,  etc. 

In  some  institutions  the  play  rooms,  school  rooms  or  dining 
rooms  serve  also  as  sitting  rooms.  Experience  proves  that  there  is 
a  great  civilizing  influence  in  neatly  furnished  sitting  rooms,  where 
children  sit  down  quietly  with  their  books  or  games.  This  influence 
cannot  be  secured  by  the  use  of  a  school  room  furnished  with  desks, 
or  by  the  use  of  a  bare  play  room  with  benches  around  the  edge. 

There  is  a  great  variety  in  the  space  allotted  for  chapels  and 
assembly  rooms.  The  average  for  both  cottage  and  congregate  insti- 
tutions is  12  square  feet  per  child.  Out  of  23  institutions,  ten  have  10 
square  feet  or  less,  eight  have  between  10  and  15  square  feet,  and  five 
have  more  than  1 5  square  feet  per  child. 

The  kitchen  accommodation  is  a  matter  of  great  importance  in 
institutions.  The  Cleveland  Boys'  Home  has  22  square  feet  per  boy, 
the  New  York  State  Industrial  School  for  Boys  has  19  square  feet, 
the  Maine  School  for  Boys  17  square  feet;  no  other  has  more  than  14 
square  feet  per  child. 

Out  of  17  cottage  institutions,  nine  have  less  than  10  square  feet, 
five  have  10  to  14,  and  three  have  more  than  14  square  feet. 

The  matter  of  proper  accommodations  for  officers  is  of  great 
importance.  It  is  necessary  to  avoid  on  the  one  hand  the  extrava- 
gance which  prevails  in  some  institutions  of  providing  large,  roomy 
apartments  for  officers  while  the  children  are  huddled  in  insufficient 
space,  and  on  the  other  hand  to  avoid  the  niggardliness  which  in 
some  institutions  leaves  the  officers  without  the  ordinary  decencies 
and  comforts  of  life. 

The  work  in  these  institutions  is  very  exacting,  and  it  is  neces- 
sary that  the  employes  shall  have  proper  opportunity  for  rest,  recrea- 

35 


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37 


COTTAGE    AND    CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

tion  and  social  life,  in  order  that  they  may  be  able  to  perform  adequate 
service  in  behalf  of  the  children. 

The  average  floor  space  for  officers'  sitting  rooms,  dining  rooms, 
bed  rooms  and  baths  per  officer  (including  guest  chambers),  and  for 
general  purposes,  is  as  follows: 

Floor  Space  for  Officers'  Quarters  (Square  Feet  per  Officer) 

Institutions  for  Delinquents:                               Minimum        Maximum  Average 

6  Congregate  Institutions        .        .       .        .167                  268  21Q 

17  Cottage  Institutions 154                 714  279 

Floor  Space  for  General  Purposes  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 

Institutions  for  Delinquents:                              Minimum        Maximum  Average 

6  Congregate  Institutions        ....       68                  167  85 

17  Cottage  Institutions 55                  232  107 

Total  Floor  Space  for  All  Purposes  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 

Institutions  for  Delinquents:                               Minimum        Maximum  Average 

6  Congregate  Institutions        .       .       .       .181                  335  224 

17  Cottage  Institutions 202                 477  277 

TABLES  4  AND   5. — FLOOR    SPACE    IN    INSTITUTIONS    FOR  DEPENDENTS 
— CONGREGATE    AND   COTTAGE 

Total  Floor  Space  for  Children's  Use  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 

Institutions  for  Dependents:                               Minimum        Maximum  Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions        ....       74                  187  112 

10  Cottage  Institutions 127                  200  159 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  floor  space  for  children's  use  in  the 
congregate  institutions  is  30  per  cent  less  than  in  the  cottage  institu- 
tions. This  increased  space  is  distributed  through  all  departments,  as 
is  indicated  in  the  following  statement: 

Details  of  Floor  Space  for  Children  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 
Institutions  for  Dependents:  Minimum        Maximum        Average 

Dormitories 

17  Congregate  Institutions          ....  25  58                    41 

10  Cottage  Institutions 32  54                    44 

Day  Rooms  or  Sitting  Rooms 

17  Congregate  Institutions          .       .       .       .  o  49                     6 

10  Cottage  Institutions 8  43                    18 

Dining  Rooms 

17  Congregate  Institutions          ....  7  24                    13 

10  Cottage  Institutions o  21                     15 

Play  Rooms 

17  Congregate  Institutions          ....  4  37                   14 

10  Cottage  Institutions 6  70                    26 

School  Rooms 

17  Congregate  Institutions          .       .       .       .  o  30                   15 

10  Cottage  Institutions 15  41                    22 

The  enlarged  space  in  cottage  institutions  is  noticeable  es- 
pecially in  day  rooms,  play  rooms  and  school  rooms. 

Every  visitor  will  note  the  difference  in  the  manners,  the  com- 

38 


A    STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 

fort  and  happiness  of  children  in  cottage  institutions  where  suitable 
sitting  rooms  are  provided. 

Floor  Space  for  Officers  {Square  Feet  per  Officer) 

Institutions  for  Dependents:                                Minimum         Maximum  Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions        .        .        .        •      "'B                  499  236 

10  Cottage  Institutions 165                  515  251 

Floor  Space  for  General  Purposes  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 

Institutions  for  Dependents:                                Minimum         Maximum  Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions         ....       46                   220  85 

10  Cottage  Institutions 80                  233  128 

Total  Floor  Space  for  All  Purposes  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 

Institutions  for  Dependents:                                Minimum         Maximum  Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions        .        .        .        .      i7i                  459  220 

10  Cottage  Institutions 250                  433  330 

Comparison  of  Institutions  for  Delinquents  and  Dependents 
tables  2  to  5. — details  of  floor  space  for  children 
The  comparison  of  institutions  for  delinquents  with  those  for 

dependents  is  as  follows: 

Square  Feet  of  Floor  Space  for  Children,  per  Child 

Congregate  Institutions:                                      Minimum  Maximum  Average 

For  Delinquents 95  191  120 

For  Dependents 74  187  112 

Cottage  Institutions: 

For  Delinquents 83  193  134 

For  Dependents 127  200  159 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  while  the  congregate  institutions 
for  delinquent  children  have  7  per  cent  more  space  per  child  than 
those  for  dependents,  the  opposite  is  true  of  the  cottage  institutions, 
where  the  dependents  have  18  per  cent  more  than  the  delinquents. 

If  we  consider  the  total  floor  space  for  all  purposes,  we  find 
as  follows : 

Floor  Space  for  All  Purposes  {Square  Feet  per  Child) 

Congregate  Institutions:  Minimum  Maximum  Average 

For  Delinquents i8i  335  224 

For  Dependents 171  459  220 

Cottage  Institutions: 

For  Delinquents 175  477  277 

For  Dependents 250  433  330 

While  the  delinquents  have  2  per  cent  more  total  space  in  the 
congregate  institutions,  the  dependents  have  19  per  cent  more  space 
in  the  cottage  institutions. 

The  following  statement  compares  the  space  available  in  con- 
gregate and  cottage  institutions  for  both  delinquents  and  dependents, 

39 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 


Philadelphia  House  of  Refuge  for  Girls,  Darling,  Pennsylvania 
Cottage — First-floor  Plan 

The  first   floor   provides   assembly  room,  dining    room,  kitchen,  pantries,  laundry, 
linen  room,  officers'  sitting  room,  matron's  room  and  six  rooms  for  girls. 


40 


A   STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 


ROOF 


ALCOHY 


Philadelphia  House  of  Refuge  for  Girls,  Darling,  Pennsylvania 
Cottage — Second-floor  Plan 

The  second  floor  provides  officers'  rooms,  linen  rooms,  bath  rooms  and  23 
rooms  for  one  girl  each,  making  a  total  of  29  single  rooms  for  girls.  The  institution 
being  still  incomplete,  each  room  is  now  occupied  by  two  girls,  but  this  plan  is  in- 
tended to  be  temporary. 


41 


COTTAGE    AND    CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 
Square  Feet  of  Floor  Space  per  Child,  in  50  Institutions — Congregate  and  Cottage 


6  Congregate 

17  Cottage 

\  J  Congregate 

10  Cottage 

Institutions 

Institutions 

Institutions 

Institutions 

Average  for 

Hem 

for 

for 

for 

for 

50  Institu- 

Delinquent 

Delinquent 

Dependent 
Children 

Dependent 
Children 

tions 

Children 

Children 

Day  Rooms 

3 

14 

6 

18 

ID 

Dining  Rooms     . 

II 

14 

13 

15 

13 

Dormitories 

49 

43 

41 

^ 

44 

Play  Rooms 

16 

21 

14 

19 

School  Rooms     . 

17 

13 

15 

22 

16 

Baths,  etc.   . 

12 

13 

8 

12 

11 

Clothes  Room     . 

3 

9 

4 

12 

7 

Hospital 

9 

7 

1 1 

10 

9 

Total     . 

120 

134 

112 

159 

129 

Average      Number 

of  Beds  for  Chil- 

dren in  each  In- 

stitution . 

830 

440 

239 

228 

376 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  while  the  congregate  institutions 
for  delinquents  have  more  space  per  child  than  the  congregate  institu- 
tions for  dependents,  the  opposite  is  true  of  the  cottage  institutions, 
which  show  more  space  for  dependents. 

TABLES   6  AND   7. — COST    OF    PLANT,   INSTITUTIONS    FOR    DELINQUENT 

CHILDREN 

The  cottage  institutions  show  a  marked  advance  in  cost  over 
the  congregate  institutions.  The  average  cost  of  plant  per  bed  was 
as  follows : 

Average  Cost  of  Plant  per  Bed,  Congregate  and  Cottage  Institutions 

Institutions  for  Delinquents:                                   Minimum        Maximum  Average 

6  Congregate  Institutions       .        .        .       .     I516                 $940  I650 

17  Cottage  Institutions 487                1,906  840 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  that  the  most  of  the  congre- 
gate institutions  were  erected  when  building  cost  much  less  than  it 
costs  at  the  present  time.  Only  two  cottage  institutions  exceed  a 
cost  of  1 1 100  per  bed.  The  cottage  institutions  for  dehnquents  may 
be  divided  into  groups  according  to  their  cost,  as  follows : 

Cost  of  Cottage  Institutions  for  Delinquents,  per  Child 
$500  Group 

Indiana  Boys'  School $487 

Connecticut  School  for  Boys 518 

42 


A   STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 

$675  Group 

Rhode  Island,  Sockanosset  School  for  Boys $630 

New  Jersey  State  Home  for  Boys 660 

Ohio  Bo^s'  Industrial  School 672 

Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Girls 729 

$800  Group 

Ohio,  Cleveland  Boys'  Home I752 

Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Boys 767 

Massachusetts,  Lyman  School  for  Boys 803 

Minnesota  State  Training  School 905 

$1000  Group 

New  York  State  Agricultural  and  Industrial  School      ....  $979 

Indiana  Girls'  School           988 

Illinois  Training  School  for  Girls 1,004 

Illinois,  St.  Charles  School  for  Boys 1.055 

Massachusetts  State  Industrial  School  for  Girls 1,092 

$1900  Group 

New  York  Jewish  Protectory $1,884 

Maine  State  School  for  Boys 1,906 

The  I500  group  includes  the  Indiana  Boys'  School  (I487), 
which  was  built  1867  to  1893,  on  a  very  plain  and  economical  basis. 
The  labor  of  the  boys  was  utilized  for  the  manufacture  and  laying 
of  bricks  and  in  other  ways.  The  Connecticut  institution  (I518)  is 
also  an  old  institution  of  limited  accommodations.  These  two  insti- 
tutions provide  only  224  and  211  square  feet  of  floor  space  respec- 
tively, per  boy,  as  against  an  average  of  277  square  feet  for  the 
cottage  institutions,  and  an  average  of  224  for  the  congregate  institu- 
tions. 

The  $675  group  includes  the  Rhode  Island  Sockanosset  School 
for  Boys  (I630),  the  New  Jersey  State  Home  for  Boys  ($660),  the 
Ohio  Boys'  Industrial  School  (I672),  and  the  Wisconsin  Industrial 
School  for  Girls  ($729).  The  three  institutions  for  boys  provide  a 
total  floor  space  of  175,  224  and  208  square  feet  respectively,  per  boy. 
The  institutions  in  this  group  were  built  many  years  ago  and  afford 
only  moderate  accommodations. 

The  |8oo  group  includes  the  new  Cleveland  Boys'  Home  (I752), 
the  Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Boys  at  Waukesha  (I767),  the 
Lyman  School  for  Boys  at  Westboro,  Massachusetts  (I803),  and  the 
Minnesota  State  Training  School  at  Red  Wing  ($905).  It  will  be  ob- 
served that  these  four  institutions  represent  about  the  average  cost  of 
cottage  institutions  for  boys,  which  is  about  $840.  The  Lyman 
School  in  Massachusetts  and  the  State  Training  School  in  Minnesota 
are  well  equipped  and  thoroughly  up  to  date.    They  were  built  at  a 

43 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

time  when  building  conditions  were  very  favorable.  The  Cleveland 
School  for  Boys  is  a  new  institution  which  has  been  built  in  an  expen- 
sive time. 

The  f  1000  group  includes  the  New  York  State  Agricultural  and 
Industrial  School  (I979),  Indiana  Girls'  School  (I988),  Illinois 
Training  School  for  Girls  (I1004),  IlHnois  St.  Charles  School  for 
Boys  (I1055),  and  the  Massachusetts  State  Industrial  School  for 
Girls  (1 1 092).  The  three  institutions  for  boys  are  all  new  institu- 
tions and  are  up  to  date.  The  Indiana  Girls'  School  is  ajso  a  new 
institution  with  an  excellent  equipment.  The  Massachusetts  insti- 
tution is  an  older  institution  built  under  more  favorable  building 
conditions.  * 

The  experience  of  25  institutions  indicates  that  it  is  possible  to 
locate,  build  and  equip  a  modern  cottage  institution  for  delinquent 
boys  or  girls  at  a  cost  not  exceeding  |iooo  per  bed.  There  is  a  dispo- 
sition in  building  cottage  institutions  for  girls  to  provide  a  separate 
room  for  each  girl.  This  has  been  done  only  partially  at  the  Indiana 
Girls'  School.  If  it  should  be  adopted  as  a  universal  policy,  it  would 
involve  an  increase,  probably,  of  20  per  cent,  necessitating  an  appro- 
priation of  probably  |i200  per  bed. 

TABLES   8  AND    9. — COST     OF    PLANT,    INSTITUTIONS    FOR    DEPENDENT 

CHILDREN 
Average  Cost  of  Plant  per  Bed,  Congregate  and  Cottage  Institutions 

Institutions  for  Dependents:  Minimum        Maximum  Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions      ....    I376  $1,671  |    758 

10  Cottage  Institutions    ....  869  1,716  1,181 

The  17  congregate  institutions  for  dependents  may  be  divided 
into  groups  according  to  their  cost,  as  shown  on  page  46. 

It  will  be  observed  that  the  average  cost  of  the  cottage  insti- 
tutions is  56  per  cent  greater  than  that  of  the  congregate  institutions. 
It  must  be  considered,  however,  that  the  cottage  institutions  were 
most  of  them  built  at  a  more  expensive  time  than  the  congregate 
institutions  and  that  four  of  the  congregate  institutions  cost  from 
$1,400  to  $1,670  per  bed,  while  only  one  of  the  cottage  institutions 
cost  more  than  $1,400  per  bed. 

Of  the  cottage  institutions,  among  those  most  worthy  of  study 
may  be  mentioned  the  Manual  Training  School  Farm  at  Glenwood, 
Illinois;  the  Albany  Orphan  Asylum;  the  Rochester  Orphan  Asylum; 
the  Good  Will  Farm  at  Hinckley,  Maine;  and  the  State  Public  School 
at  Owatonna,  Minnesota. 

The  average  cost  of  the  congregate  institutions  for  dependents 

44 


Handy  and  Cady,  Chicago,  Architects 

EvANSTON  Receiving  Home — Floor  Plans 


45 


COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 


Cost  of  Congregate  Institutions  for  Dependents, 
$450  Group 
Erie,  Pa.,  St,  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum 
Detroit,  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum 
Cincinnati,  St.  Joseph  Orphanage     . 
New  Haven  Orphan  Asylum 
Milwaukee,  St.  Rose's  Orphan  Asylum 
Norwalk,  Conn.,  Fairfield  County  Temporary  Home 

|6oo  Group 

Winsted,  Conn.,  Wm.  L.  Gilbert  Home    . 
Buffalo,  German  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Protestant  Foster  Home  . 
Buffalo  Orphan  Asylum 


•>er  Child 


$800  Group 

New  Haven,  St.  Francis  Orphan  Asylum 
Cleveland  Jewish  Orphan  Asylum     .        .        .        . 
Hopewell,  N.  J.,  St.  Michael's  Orphan  Asylum 

$1500  Group 

Chicago,  St.  Mary's  Training  School .... 
Cleveland  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum 
Minneapolis,  Washburn  Memorial  Orphan  Asylum 
Cincinnati  Children's  Home 


I376 

416 
426 

474 
481 


554 
600 


711 
788 
850 


i»403 
1,671 


Cost  of  Cottage  Institutions  for  Dependents,  per  Child 

$Q00  Group 

Hinckley,  Maine,  Good  Will  Farm $  869 

Sparta,  Wis.,  State  Public  School 884 

|i  100  Group 

Normal,  111.,  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home 1,018 

Glenwood,  111.,  Manual  Training  School  Farm 1,101 

Rochester  Orphan  Asylum 1,186 

1 1 300  Group 

Albany  Orphan  Asylum 1*279 

Owatonna,  Minn.,  State  Public  School 1,290 

Pleasantville,  N.  Y.,  Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Asylum  *       .       .1,315 
Coldwater,  Mich.,  State  Public  School i»375 

$1700  Group 

Terre  Haute,  Ind.,  Rose  Orphan  Asylum 1,716 

Cost  of  Plant  per  Child,  Comparison  of  Cottage  and  Congregate  Plans 

Delinquents  and  Dependents:  Minimum  Maximum  Average 

o  Congregate  Institutions  (Delinquents)  .     I516  |    940  $    650 

17  Congregate  Institutions  (Dependents)  .       376  1,671               758 

17  Cottage  Institutions  (Delinquents)   .  .       487  1,906               840 

10  Cottage  Institutions  (Dependents)    .  .       869  1,716             1,181 

Studied  is  17  per  cent  more  than  for  delinquents.  The  average  cost 
of  cottage  institutions  for  dependents  studied  is  41  per  cent  more  than 
the  cottage  institutions  for  deHnquents.    The  difference  is  due  chiefly 

*  Bids  received;  not  yet  built. 

46 


A    STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 

to  the  fact  that  most  of  the  cottage  institutions  for  delinquents  were 
erected  when  building  was  cheap  and  most  of  the  cottage  institutions 
for  dependents  were  erected  recently  when  building  had  become  very 
expensive. 

TABLES  6  TO    9. — CURRENT    EXPENSES    PER   CHILD,  CONGREGATE   AND 
COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS   FOR   DELINQUENTS 

The  cost  of  maintaining  the  congregate  institutions  for  delin- 
quents is  shown  by  the  tables  to  be  13.3  per  cent  less  than  in  the 
cottage  institutions.    The  following  statement  shows  the 

Current  Expenses  per  Child,  Congregate  and  Cottage  Institutions 

Institutions  for  Delinquents:                                    Minimum  Maximum  Average 

6  Congregate  Institutions  (Total)  .  .     $125  I234  $161 

Same  (omitting  school  expenses)  .  .       in  199                140 

17  Cottage  Institutions  (Total).  .  .       128  286                195 

Same  (omitting  school  expenses)  .  .       122  261                 173 

The  expenses  for  cottage  institutions  may  be  classified  as  follows: 

Expenses  per  Child,  Cottage  Institutions  for  Delinquents 

Expenses 
1 1 70  Class  per  Child 

Indiana  Boys'  School 1 128 

Rhode  Island,  Sockanosset  School  for  Boys 156 

Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Girls 169 

Minnesota  State  Training  School 169 

Ohio  Boys'  Industrial  School 171 

Connecticut  School  for  Boys 175 

New  Jersey  State  Home  for  Boys 175 

Illinois  Training  School  for  Girls 185 

Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Boys 190 

$245  Class 

Maine  State  School. for  Boys $227 

Massachusetts,  Lyman  School  for  Boys 244 

New  York  State  Agricultural  and  Industrial  School       ....  245 

Massachusetts  Industrial  School  for  Girls 246 

Illinois,  St.  Charles  School  for  Boys 246 

Indiana  Girls' School 251 

New  York  Jewish  Protectory 255 

The  schools  of  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Ohio,  Connecticut  and 
New  Jersey  show  a  remarkable  agreement,  ranging  from  I169  to  I175 
per  capita.    These  institutions  all  stand  well. 

In  the  I245  list  we  fmd  that  all  of  the  institutions  named  except 
two  are  located  in  the  East,  where  living  expenses,  fuel,  etc.,  are  higher 
than  in  the  West.  The  list  includes  two  institutions  for  girls,  which 
as  a  rule  are  more  expensive  in  administration  than  institutions  for 

47 


COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

boys,  largely  for  the  reason  that  the  boys  are  able  to  contribute  more 
toward  their  own  support. 

Examining  the  current  expenses  in  detail,  we  observe: 

Expenditures  for  Salaries  per  Child,  Congregate  and  Cottage  Institutions  for  Delinquents 
Institutions  for  Delinquents:  Minimum      Maximum      Average 

6  Congregate  Institutions $23  $  79  $37 

(3  Catholic  Institutions) 23  27  25 

17  Cottage  Institutions 28  107  57 

The  salaries  in  the  congregate  institutions  average  $37  per  child 
and  in  the  cottage  institutions  I57  per  child.  Examination  reveals 
that  this  difference  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the  congregate  institutions 
include  three  large  Catholic  institutions,  providing  for  more  than  half 
of  the  children.  The  average  amount  paid  per  child  for  salaries  in 
these  Catholic  institutions  is  from  I23  to  $27,  while  in  the  other  congre- 
gate institutions  the  average  amount  paid  for  salaries  is  about  the 
same  as  in  the  cottage  institutions.  The  Catholic  institutions  enjoy 
the  unpaid  services  of  the  brothers  and  sisters,  who  receive  only  a 
nominal  allowance  for  the  barest  necessities. 

The  cost  of  fuel  and  light  is  |i  i  per  child  in  the  congregate  insti- 
tutions, as  against  $2 1  in  the  cottage  institutions.  Examination,  how- 
ever, shows  that  the  congregate  institutions  include  three  Catholic 
institutions,  which  report  cost  for  fuel  as  |2,  |6  and  |8  respectively 
per  child.  This  doubtless  points  to  the  fact  that  these  institutions 
receive  donations  of  fuel  which  are  not  included  in  their  current 
expenses.  If  this  fuel  was  included,  the  average  rate  would  probably 
be  at  least  $16  per  child  instead  of  |i  i.  Even  in  that  case  the  con- 
gregate institutions  would  show  an  expense  of  24  per  cent  less  per 
capita  for  fuel  than  the  cottage  institutions.  This  is  partly  due  to  the 
fact  that  the  number  of  employes  to  be  accommodated  is  larger  in  the 
cottage  institutions. 

In  the  matter  of  provisions  we  observe: 

Expenditures  for  Provisions  per  Child,  Congregate  and  Cottage  Institutions  for  Delinquents 
Institutions  for  Delinquents:                                   Minimum      Maximum      Average 
6  Congregate  Institutions         ....     I47  $61  I54 

17  Cottage  Institutions 25  52  40 

The  congregate  institutions  show  an  average  expense  of  I54  per 
child  as  against  $40  in  the  cottage  institutions.  This  is  due  to  the  fact 
that  most  of  the  cottage  institutions  are  located  on  large  farms  where 
the  inmates  are  able  to  raise  a  large  part  of  their  food.  Even  in  the 
institutions  for  girls  a  material  saving  in  provisions  is  indicated  in  the 
cottage  plan.  The  girls'  department  of  the  New  York  Catholic  Pro- 
tectory (congregate)  shows  an  annual  expense  of  I54  per  child  for  food, 

48 


Main  Building.  Boys'  Department 


I 


'^''Vt'i  >•.,'';''; 


mm 


St.  Patrick's  Yard 
NEW  YORK  CATHOLIC  PROTECTORY 


A    STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 

while  the  girls'  cottage  schools  in  Massachusetts,  Illinois  and  Indiana 
show  a  cost  for  food  of  I33  to  $38  per  capita. 

The  average  cost  of  clothing  in  the  congregate  and  cottage  insti- 
tutions is  exactly  the  same,  I19  per  child.  This  expense  ranges  from 
I13  to  I32  per  child  (the  Cleveland  Boys'  Home  shows  a  higher  rate, 
which  is  doubtless  due  to  the  fact  that  it  is  a  new  institution). 
School  expenses,  including  salaries  of  teachers,  average  I22,  ranging 
from  I13  to  I38  per  child. 

It  is  encouraging  to  discover  that  the  necessary  increase  in  the 
maintenance  cost  of  the  cottage  system  is  so  small.  The  apparent 
difference  is  greater  than  the  real  difference,  for  the  reason,  as  already 
indicated,  that  the  congregate  institutions  include  three  Catholic  insti- 
tutions, which  pay  little  for  salaries. 

EXPENSES    PER   CHILD,    INSTITUTIONS    FOR  DEPENDENT  CHILDREN 

Current  Expense  per  Child,  Congregate  and  Cottage  Institutions 

Institutions  for  Dependents:  Minimum  Maximum      Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions    .       .       .       .     $  68  $327  $118 

10  Cottage  Institutions  .       .       .       .       159  272  iq6 

The  current  expenses  of  the  17  congregate  institutions  for  de- 
pendent children  show  an  astonishing  diversity,  running  from  $68  to 
$327  per  child.    They  may  be  grouped  as  follows: 

Under  |ioo 
St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  Erie,  Pa. 
St.  Rose's  Orphan  Asylum,  Milwaukee,  Wis.      . 
German  Orphan  Asylum,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.     . 
St.  Michael's  Orphan  Asylum,  Hopewell, N.J.   . 
St.  Joseph  Orphan  Asylum,  Cincinnati,  O.  . 
St.  Francis'  Orphan  Asylum,  New  Haven,  Conn. 
St.  Mary's  Training  School,  Feehanville,  111. 
Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  Detroit,  Mich. 

The  first  seven  institutions  named  above  are  Roman  Catholic 
institutions,  which  enjoy  the  unpaid  services  of  brothers  and  sisters. 
The  contrast  between  these  institutions  and  the  other  congregate 
institutions  may  be  seen  as  follows: 

$100 10|200 

William  L.  Gilbert  Home,  Winsted,  Conn. 

Protestant  Foster  Home,  Newark,  N.  J.   . 

Buffalo  Orphan  Asylum,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.    . 

Children's  Home,  Cincinnati,  O 

New  Haven  Orphan  Asylum,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Jewish  Orphan  Asylum,  Cleveland,  O. 

Washburne  Memorial  Orphan  Asylum,  Minne- 
apolis, Minn. 

Fairfield  County  Temporary  Home,  Norwalk, 
Conn 

s*  49 


Deduct 

Living 

Total 

Salaries 

Expenses 

$68 

$12 

u 

70 

9 

61 

75 

15 

60 

84 

16 

68 

84 

«3 

7' 

84 

12 

72 

91 

14 

77 

97 

34 

63 

Deduct 

Living 

Total 

Salaries 

Expenses 

$112 

f33 

$  79 

121 

25 

96 

129 
159 

^ 

77 
79 

184 

46 

,38 

191 

5» 

140 

195 

76 

139 

209 

51 

158 

COTTAGE    AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

The  average  salary  expenditure  for  the  seven  Roman  CathoHc 
institutions  is  I13  per  child,  while  the  average  expenditure  for  the 
nine  non-Catholic  institutions  is  I50  per  child.  The  difference  repre- 
sents the  voluntary  unpaid  service  of  the  brothers  and  sisters  in  the 
Roman  Catholic  institutions.  It  should  be  remarked  that  the  differ- 
ence in  cost  of  maintaining  orphan  asylums  is  partly  due  to  the  fact 
that  some  orphan  asylums  maintain  schools  and  kindergartens  of  their 
own,  while  others  send  their  children  to  the  public  schools.  The  re- 
ported school  expenses  run  from  nothing  to  I41,  yearly,  per  child. 

If  we  compare  the  non-Catholic  congregate  institutions  with  the 
cottage  institutions,  all  of  which  are  non-Catholic,  we  shall  fmd  that 
the  annual  per  capita  cost  of  the  congregate  institutions  is  I175  per 
child  as  compared  with  an  average  of  1 196  for  the  cottage  institutions, 
a  difference  of  only  |2i  per  child.  It  must  be  remembered  that  many 
congregate  institutions  are  over-crowded  and  the  economy  is  obtained 
at  the  expense  of  the  comfort  and  health  of  the  children. 

We  have  already  discovered  the  difference  in  expenditure  for 
salaries  in  institutions  for  dependent  children.  In  order  to  make  the 
figures  available  for  comparison  we  give  the  following  statement  of 

Expenditures  for  Salaries  per  Child 

Institutions  for  Dependents:  Minimum     Maximum    Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions |  9  $81  $29 

10  Cottage  Institutions 31  94  60 

(The  foregoing  statement  is  subject  to  the  remarks  already  made 
respecting  the  difference  between  salary  expenditures  of  Catholic  and 
non-Catholic  institutions.) 

In  the  matter  of  expenditures  for  provisions,  the  difference  is 
in  favor  of  the  congregate  institutions,  whereas  in  the  case  of  delin- 
quent children  the  difference  was  in  favor  of  the  cottage  institutions. 
In  the  latter  case  the  children  are  able  to  aid  materially  in  providing 
milk,  vegetables,  etc.,  thus  reducing  the  cost  of  provisions.  The  fol- 
lowing is  a  statement  of 

Expenditures  for  Provisions  per  Child 

Institutions  for  Dependents:  Minimum    Maximum     Average 

17  Congregate  Institutions        ....         $32  $91  $42 

10  Cottage  Institutions 36  73  53 

The  apparently  low  rate  in  the  congregate  institutions  is  doubt- 
less due  partly  to  the  fact  that  many  Catholic  institutions  secure  large 
donations  of  food  supplies  which  are  not  figured  into  the  budget. 
The  seven  Catholic  congregate  institutions  show  an  average  expendi- 

50 


A   STUDY   OF    FIFTY    INSTITUTIONS 

ture  of  I37  per  child  for  food  and  the  ten  congregate  Protestant  insti- 
tutions show  an  average  of  I51  per  child;  while  the  ten  cottage  insti- 
tutions show  an  average  of  $53  per  child,  corresponding  closely  to  the 
non-Catholic  institutions  reported  above. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  also  that  many  congregate  institu- 
tions are  over-crowded,  and  that  the  reduced  per  capita  cost  is  some- 
times gained  at  the  expense  of  the  health  and  comfort  of  the  children. 
This  is  clearly  shown  in  the  difference  between  the  play-room  condi- 
tions and  the  sitting-room  conditions  revealed  by  the  two  methods. 

The  current  expenses  of  cottage  institutions  for  dependent  chil- 
dren average  almost  exactly  the  same  as  those  of  the  cottage  institu- 
tions for  delinquent  children — 1195  per  child  as  against  I196  for  the 
delinquents.  There  is  a  much  wider  diversity  between  the  current 
expenses  of  the  cottage  and  congregate  institutions  for  dependent  chil- 
dren than  there  is  between  the  cottage  and  congregate  institutions 
for  delinquent  children.  This  is  due,  as  already  suggested,  to  the  very 
low  per  capita  cost  of  the  Catholic  congregate  institutions.  The  list 
given  does  not  include  any  cottage  institutions  for  Catholic  children. 
If  the  Catholic  congregate  institutions  were  left  out,  the  per  capita 
cost  of  the  congregate  institutions  would  be  approximately  1 170  in- 
stead of  $118,  which  would  make  a  difference  of  only  about  I25  be- 
tween the  per  capita  cost  of  carrying  on  the  cottage  institutions  and 
the  congregate  institutions. 

TABLES    10  AND    II. — INSTITUTION    PAYROLLS 

Tables  10  and  11  are  consolidated  payrolls  which  are  published 
by  permission  of  the  institutions  represented.  Differences  in  pay  for 
the  same  service  in  some  cases  represent  a  general  difference  in  the 
scale  of  wages  for  similiar  service  in  different  communities;  in  other 
cases  they  represent  a  difference  in  standards  as  to  the  quality  of 
service  required.  As  a  rule,  the  compensation  of  the  higher  grades  of 
service  is  higher  in  the  larger  institutions. 

No  Invidious  Comparisons 
In  the  study  of  the  tables,  the  caution  already  given  on  page 
31  should  be  borne  in  mind:  namely,  that  these  tables  cannot  be 
used  for  invidious  comparisons  without  great  injustice.  The  studies 
of  the  fifty  institutions  were  made  by  three  different  agents,  and  while 
the  effort  was  made  to  standardize  the  work,  allowance  must  neces- 
sarily be  made  for  the  personal  equation. 

51 


COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS 

Attention  has  already  been  called  to  the  accidental  circum- 
stances which  may  cause  differences  in  the  per  capita  rate  of  current 
expenses.  In  like  manner  apparent  differences  in  the  cost  of  the 
plant  are  often  due  to  accidental  circumstances.  For  example,  in 
one  institution  the  attics  and  basements  are  left  vacant  for  the  reason 
that  the  best  authorities  do  not  consider  them  desirable  space  for 
children's  use.  In  other  institutions  both  basements  and  attics  are 
utilized  for  domestic  purposes.  In  a  two-story  building  this  would 
double  the  amount  of  floor  space  available  with  a  comparatively 
small  addition  to  the  cost  of  the  building.  It  is  manifest  that  un- 
favorable comparisons  in  such  cases  might  be  very  unjust. 

The  same  considerations  may  affect  the  comparison  of  floor 
space  available  for  different  purposes.  In  one  institution  the  super- 
intendent will  report  unused  basements  as  storerooms  and  they  will 
figure  into  the  available  capacity.  It  was  a  nice  question  in  some 
cases  whether  temporary  wooden  pavilions  costing  from  |ioo  to 
$500  should  be  counted  as  play  rooms  or  whether  they  should  be 
regarded  simply  as  sheds.  The  showing  as  to  play  room  space  would 
be  radically  affected  by  the  decision. 

The  effort  has  been  made  to  treat  all  of  the  institutions  as 
nearly  on  the  same  basis  as  possible.  While  mistakes  may  be  made 
as  to  individual  institutions,  it  is  believed  that  the  combined  results 
will  be  found  sufficiently  accurate  for  practical  purposes. 


^m. 


52 


IV 

STATISTICS   OF   COTTAGE   AND   CONGREGATE 
INSTITUTIONS 


-^ 


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St.  Michael's  Orphan  Asylum,  Hopewell,  N.  J.     . 
Buffalo  Orphan  Asylum,  Buffalo, -N.  Y. 
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CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  12. — Hudson  County  Catholic  Protectory 

Location:  Arlington,  N.  J. 

Capacity:  i8o  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 460 

Dining  Rooms 1360 

Dormitories 8ioo 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 3790 

School  Rooms 33^0 

Baths,  etc.         . 2050 

Clothes  Rooms  

Hospital 624 

Total 19744 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1040 

Dining  Rooms 820 

Bed  Rooms 2760 

Baths,  etc 170 

Total 4790 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 300 

Reception  Rooms 340 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms qooo 

Industrial   Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 6400 

Sewing  Rooms 1750 

Kitchens 1000 

Laundry 3120 

Store  Rooms 2540 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)         .       .  4610 

Porches 990 

Total 30050 

Grand  Total 54584 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)   .... 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1909 

Current  Expenses  per  child 

(Based  on  178  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 

87 


Per  Bed 

3 

8 

45 
21 
18 
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6 

5 

I 
27 


2 
2 

50 

36 
9 
6 

17 
14 
26 

5 

167 

303 

pi  69,200 
$940 

$23745 
I133 


22 
218 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  13. — House  of  Refuge  of  the  Managers  of  the  Society  for  Reforma- 
tion OF  Juvenile  Offenders 

Location:   Randall's  Island,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:  850  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total               Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms  . 7840                        q 

Dormitories 44400                       52 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 7150                        8 

School  Rooms 12406                       15 

Baths,  etc 8132                       10 

Clothes  Rooms 1500                         2 

Hospital 5786                        7 


Total 87214  103 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 3262  4 

Dining  Rooms 2463  3 

Bed  Rooms •734'  20 

Baths,  etc 1084  ' 

Total 24150  28 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1734  2 

Reception  Rooms 717  i 

Library 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 5640  7 

Industrial  Room.s  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 30250  35 

Sewing  Rooms  

Kitchens 5998  7 

Laundry 

Store  Rooms 12506  15 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)  .       .       .  15045  18 

Porches 316                 


Total 72206  85 


Grand  Total 183570  216 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $738,975 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed I869 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       .       .       .  1158,989 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $234 

(Based  on  680  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 90 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 268 

88 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  14. — State  Industrial  School  (a) 

Location:   Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:  800  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total  Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms 15910  20 

Dormitories 63776  80 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 33250  42 

School  Rooms 21722  27 

Baths,  etc .       8520  11 

Clothes  Rooms 978  i 

Hospital 8342  10 

Total 152498  191 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2188  3 

Dining  Rooms 1600  2 

Bed  Rooms 19973  25 

Baths,  etc 1207  i 

Total 24968  31 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1850  2 

Reception  Rooms 560  i 

Library 560  i 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms •3'50  '6 

Industrial   Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 30880  39 

Sewing  Rooms 450  i 

Kitchens 4072  5 

Laundry 5728  7 

Store  Rooms 11628  14 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)  .        .        .     21430  27 

Porches 

Total 90308  113 

Grand  Total 267774  335 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $579.3o8 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $724 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1892       .        .       .  $156,906 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $200 

(Based  on  785  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  Beds  for  officers 95 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 263 

(a)  Buildings  abandoned  in  1907  and  school  moved  to  Industry,  N.  Y. 

89 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  15. — New  York  Catholic  Protectory  (Male  Department) 

Location:  Westchester,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:    1800  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Pet  Bed 

Day  Rooms 7626  4 

Dining  Rooms 14760  8 

Dormitories 62828  35 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 13404  7 

School  Rooms 23731  13 

Baths,  etc..        . 25776  15 

Clothes  Rooms 7492  4 

Hospital 16423  9 

Total 172040  95 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 3856  2 

Dining  Rooms 2810  2 

Bed  Rooms '7 '43  9 

Baths,  etc 1260  1 

Total 25069  14 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 938  I 

Reception  Rooms 1445  ' 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 20868  12 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         41382  23 

Sewing  Rooms 2040  i 

Kitchens 4918  3 

Laundry 4774  2 

Store  Rooms 22720  12 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  241 14  14 

Porches 6221  3 

Total 29420  72 

Grand  Total 326529  181 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $929,250 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed I516 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       .        .        .  ^216,659 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $125 

(Based  on  1727  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 150 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 167 

90 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  16. — New  York  Catholic  Protectory  (Female  Department) 

Location:  Westchester,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:  900  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 3551  4 

Dining  Rooms 10196  1 1 

Dormitories 45284  50 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 13696  15 

School  Rooms 12596  14 

Baths,  etc, 8821  10 

Clothes  Rooms 3315  4 

Hospital 11229  13 

Total 108688  121 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2225  2 

Dining  Rooms 1202  i 

Bed  Rooms 9519  n 

Baths,  etc $95  • 

Total 13541  15 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 743  ' 

Reception  Rooms 161$  2 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 4845  5 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 7026  8 

Sewing  Rooms 23 11  2 

Kitchens 4637  5 

Laundry 5137  6 

Store  Rooms 7050  8 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  27197  30 

Porches 1127  i 

Total 61688  68 

Grand  Total 183917  204 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  §507,810 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $564 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       .       .        .  |ioo,6o4 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $126 

(Based  on  800  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 63 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 215 

91 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  17. — Cincinnati  House  of  Refuge 

Location:  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 

Capacity:  450  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 1020  2 

Dining  Rooms 4691  n 

Dormitories       , 21841  49 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 9311  21 

School  Rooms 11916  26 

Baths,  etc 5518  12 

Clothes  Rooms 1452  3 

Hospital 1005  2 

Total 56754  126 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 300  i 

Dining  Rooms 1064  2 

Bed  Rooms .       .       .       .  3440  8 

Baths,  etc 300  i 


Total 


5104  12 


For  General  Purposes 

Offices 624                         I 

Reception  Rooms 660                        i 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3932                        9 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 9935                       22 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 3424                        8 

Laundry i8i6                        4 

Store  Rooms 7046                       16 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)   .    ,  10168                      22 

Porches 360                         i 

Total 37965                      84 

Grand  Total 99823                    222 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ,        .        ,        ,  $313,100 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $696 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec,  31,  1908        .        ,        .  I76. 113 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $204 

(Based  on  373  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 27  (a) 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 189 

(a)  31  other  officers  living  outside. 

92 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  18. — Connecticut  School  for  Boys. 

Location:  Meriden,  Conn. 

Capacity:  460  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 980                        2 

Dining  Rooms 6840                       15 

Dormitories 19170                       42 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 8640                      19 

School  Rooms 6560                       14 

Baths,  etc 4380                        9 

Clothes  Rooms 2740                        6 

Hospital 2180                        5 

Total 51490                    112 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2530                         5 

Dining  Rooms 1440                        3 

Bed  Rooms 7190                       16 

Baths,  etc 360                        i 

Total 11520                      25 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 380                         I 

Reception  Rooms 1130                        2 

Library 1200                        3 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3490                       7 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 3810                        8 

Sewing  Rooms 950                        2 

Kitchens 4064                        9 

Laundry 2150                         5 

Store  Rooms 5450                       12 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  6604                      14 

Porches 750                        2 

Total 29978                     65 

Grand  Total 92988                    202 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1238,450 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed I518 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       ...  175,480 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $175 

(Based  on  431  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 45 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 256 

93 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  19. — State  Training  School  for  Girls 

Location:  Geneva,  111. 

Capacity:  418  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 2663                        6 

Dining  Rooms  . 6549                       16 

Dormitories 30082                       72 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 27030                      65 

School  Rooms 454o                       1 1 

Baths,  etc 3192                         7 

Clothes  Rooms 1328                         3 

Hospital 4133                       10 

Total 79517                    190 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1428                         3 

Dining  Rooms 726                         2 

Bed  Rooms 11546                       28 

Baths,  etc 1600                        4 

Total 15300                       37 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 864                        2 

Reception  Rooms 440                          1 

Library 1608                        4 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 13436                      32 

Industrial   Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 2648                         6 

Sewing  Rooms 480                         i 

Kitchens 4412                        11 

Laundry 7120                       17 

Store  Rooms 16588                       40 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  16906                       40 

Porches 5349                       13 

Total 69851                    167 

Grand  Total 164668                    394 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1419,842 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 1 1,004 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  June  30,  1909       .        .        .  $83,352 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $185 

(Based  on  450  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers •    .  75 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer .             204 

94 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 


Table  20. — St.  Charles  School  for  Boys 

l.ocation:  St.  Charles,  111. 

Capacity:   500  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 9793 

Dining  Rooms 9440 

Dormitories 21364 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 28586 

School  Rooms 4800 

Baths,  etc 10250 

Clothes  Rooms 9508 

Hospital 2738 


Total 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 
Dining  Rooms 
Bed  Rooms 
Baths,  etc.. 

Total 


96479 


9831 


For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1444 

Reception  Rooms 2916 

Library 800 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 5576 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Mamual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 9096 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 6093 

Laundry 1872 

Store  Rooms 8126 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  6048 

Porches 2267 


Total 


44238 


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20 
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244 

' 

20 


88 


Grand  Total .        .  150548 


301 


Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land) 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  June  30,  1909 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  392  children,  average  for  year) 


Number  of  beds  for  officers    . 
Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 


$527,493 

$1,055 

$96,540 

^246 


64 
'54 


95 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 


Table  21. — Indiana  Girls'  School 

Location:  Clermont,  Ind. 

Capacity:  320  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 4666 

Dining  Rooms 4571 

Dormitories 16656 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 

School  Rooms 3680 

Baths,  etc 2978 

Clothes  Rooms 2713 

Hospital 22QI 


Total 

For  Oificers 

Sitting  Rooms 
Dining  Rooms 
Bed  Rooms 
Baths,  etc. . 

Total 


37755 


1526 

1 232 1 

600 

14447 


For  General  Purposes 

Offices 527 

Reception  Rooms 2349 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 4485 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 1472 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 3984 

Laundry 2160 

Store  Rooms 7297 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  12 143 

Porches 1708 


Total 


36125 


Grand  Total 88327 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       .... 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1908 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  218  children,  average  for  year) 


Number  of  beds  for  officers    . 
Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 


Per  Bed 

14 

52 


118 


45 

2 
7 

14 


12 

7 
23 
38 

5 


113 


276 

$316,125 


?54.779 
§251 


50 
289 


96 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  22. — Indiana  Boys'  School 

Location:   Plainfield,  Ind. 

Capacity:  698  ciiildren. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total              Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 12628                       18 

Dining  Rooms 5000                        7 

Dormitories 23499                      34 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 1020                         i 

School  Rooms 6912                       10 

Baths,  etc 15 198                       22 

Clothes  Rooms 5382                        8 

Hospital 5942                         8 

Total 75581                     108 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2749                        4 

Dining  Rooms 1402                         2 

Bed  Rooms 16554                       24 

Baths,  etc 716                         i 

Total 21421                       31 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1736                         2 

Reception  Rooms 1754                         2 

Library 1640                          2 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3857                        6 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 26300                      38 

Sewing  Rooms 405                         i 

Kitchens 3751                         5 

Laundry     

Store  Rooms 4822                        7 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  4144                        6 

Porches 1884                         3 

Total 50293                      72 

Grand  Total .  147295                     211 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  ?339.907 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed           I487 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1908       .       .        .  172,645 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $128 

(Based  on  567  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 30 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 714 

8*  97 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  23. — State  School  for  Boys 

Location:   Portland,  Maine. 

Capacity:    140  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total              Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms 2286                       16 

Dormitories 7388                       53 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 3528                       25, 

School  Rooms 3162                       22 

Baths,  etc 2409                       17 

Clothes  Rooms 3471                       25 

Hospital 2068                       15 

Total 24312                     173 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2192                       16 

Dining  Rooms 805                         6 

Bed  Rooms 6988                      $0 

Baths,  etc 1038                        7 

Total 11023                      79 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1908                       14 

Reception  Rooms 801                         6 

Library 1000                         7 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 2288                       16 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 800                         6 

Sewing  Rooms 1443                       10 

Kitchens 2444                        17 

Laundry 2031                       14 

Store  Rooms 9628                       69 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  8366                       60 

Porches 802                         6 

Total 31511                     225 

Grand  Total 66846                    477 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  §266,858 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,906 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Nov.  30,  1908       .        .        .  132,177 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child %22j 

(Based  on  141  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers    ........  30 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 367 

98 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  24. — State  Industrial  School  for  Girls 

Location:   Lancaster,  Mass. 

Capacity:  242  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 2833                       12 

Dining  Rooms 1961                         8 

Dormitories 16703                       69 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 

School  Rooms 5045                       21 

Baths,  etc 1715                         7 

Clothes  Rooms iioi                         4 

Hospital 3339                       14 

Total 32697                     135 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 3421                        14 

Dining  Rooms 304                         i 

Bed  Rooms 10998                       45 

Baths,  etc 609                         3 

Total 15332                       63 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1055                         4 

Reception  Rooms 214                         i 

Library 238                         i 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3266                     "  13 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) '4039                       58 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 390                        2 

Laundry     

Store  Rooms 19326                      80 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  10674                      44 

Porches 6915                      29 

Total 56117                     232 

Grand  Total .  104146                     430 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $264,420 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,092 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Nov.  30,  1908       .        .        .  $60,161 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $246 

(Based  on  245  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 60 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 256 

99 


COTTAGE   INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  25. — Lyman  School  for  Boys 

Location:  Westboro,  Mass. 

Capacity:  412  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 9319                       23 

Dining  Rooms 7186                       17 

Dormitories 16823                       41 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) '3'65                      32 

School  Rooms 9702                       24 

Baths,  etc 6401                        15 

Clothes  Rooms 5582                      13 

Hospital 2813                        7 

Total 70991                    172 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2089                         5 

Dining  Rooms 731                        2 

Bed  Rooms 11003                      26 

Baths,  etc 1058                        3 

Total 14881                      36 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 534                        I 

Reception  Rooms 2815                         7 

Library 192                         1 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3112                        8 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 141 78                       34 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 5842                       14 

Laundry 4554                       11 

Store  Rooms 21074                      51 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  10109                      25 

Porches 2091                        5 

Total .  64501                    157 

Grand  Total I50373  365 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1330,793 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed .  I803 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Nov.  30,  1909       .       .       .  $99,463 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $244 

(Based  on  408  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 50  (a) 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 298 

(a)   19  other  employes. 

100 


COTTAGE   INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUEl^li      \  ''V :' '.  -';  '.  '  ' 

Table  26. — Minnesota  State  Training  School 

Location:   Red  Wing,  Minn. 

Capacity:  400  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 4476                       1 1 

Dining  Rooms 5140                       13 

Dormitories 18432                       46 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 13968                       35 

School  Rooms 6440                       16 

Baths,  etc 6096                       15 

Clothes  Rooms 2852                         7 

Hospital 1400                        4 

Total 58804                     147 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1324                        3 

Dining  Rooms 1085                         3 

Bed  Rooms 11672                       29 

Baths,  etc 789                         2 

Total 14870                      37 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices '     1360  3 

Reception  Rooms 1344                         3 

Library 720                        2 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 2360                        6 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         II 024                       28 

Sewing  Rooms 864                        2 

Kitchens 2144                         5 

Laundry 2189                        6 

Store  Rooms 11890                       30 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  1 1999                       30 

Porches 2484                        6 

Total 48378                     121 

Grand  Total 122052                    305 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $362,100 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed I905 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  July  31,  1909        .       .       .  $67,857 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child I169 

(Based  on  402  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 35 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 425 

101 


Cottage  institutions — delinquent 

Table  27. — State  Home  for  Boys 

Location:  Jamesburg.  N.  J. 

Capacity:   510  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms 5560                       11 

Dormitories 18447                       3^ 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 9656                      19 

School  Rooms '2513                       24 

Baths,  etc 3429                         7 

Clothes  Rooms 2405                        5 

Hospital 3960                        8 

Total 55970                   no 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 3 141                         6 

Dining  Rooms 920                         2 

Bed  Rooms 8686                      17 

Baths,  etc, 883                         2 

Total 13630                      27 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices        .       .     ■ 1 268                        2 

Reception  Rooms 4577                         9 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 7390                      14 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)        7120                       14 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 3672                         7 

Laundry     

Store  Rooms H742                      23 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  5998                       12 

Porches 3072                         6 

Total 44839                      87 

Grand  Total 1 14439                    224 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1336,480 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed |66o 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Oct.  31,  1908        .        .        .  §89,040 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $175 

(Based  on  509  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers '      .  60 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 227 

102 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  28. — Hawthorne  School  of  the  Jewish  Protectory  and  Aid  Society 

Location:   Hawthorne,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:  300  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 6820                       23 

Dining  Rooms 5846                       19 

Dormitories 1 1020                       37 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 7910                       26 

School  Rooms 5950                       20 

Baths,  etc 6766                       23 

Clothes  Rooms 3088                      10 

Hospital 1728                        6 

Total 49128                    164 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1316                        4 

Dining  Rooms 1070                        4 

Bed  Rooms 10647                       35 

Baths,  etc 1234                       4 

Total          14267                     47 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1176                        4 

Reception  Rooms 1472                         5 

Library 756                        3 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3128                       10 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 3024                       10 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 2331                         8 

Laundry 1470                          5 

Store  Rooms 4516                       15 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        ..11170  37 

Porches 1540                         5 

Total '..,..  30583                     102 

Grand  Total 93978                     3^3 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1565,225 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,884 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       .       .       .  146,622 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $225 

(Based  on  183  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers    ........  52 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer    .        .        .       .        .       .  274 

103 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  29. — State  Agricultural  and  Industrial  School 

Location:   Industry,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:  640  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total  Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 16441  26 

Dining  Rooms  . 13 100  20 

Dormitories 29995  47 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 

School  Rooms 

Baths,  etc 5531  q 

Clothes  Rooms 10400  16 

Hospital 6957  1 1 

Total 82424  129 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 8348  13 

Dining  Rooms 2985  5 

Bed  Rooms 21443  33 

Baths,  etc 2107  3 

Total 34883  54 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 3100  5 

Reception  Rooms 970  2 

Library 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 13120  21 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         20075  3' 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 12163  19 

Laundry 864  1 

Store  Rooms 23582  37 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .     196:^5  30 

Porches 10034  16 

Total 103533  162 

Grand  Total 220840  345 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $626,786 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $979 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       .        .       .  $148,682 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $245 

(Based  on  606  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 136 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 257 

104 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 


Table  30. — Cleveland  Boys'  Home 

Location:   Hudson,  Ohio. 

Capacity:    133  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 3392 

Dining  Rooms 4210 

Dormitories '0345 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 2589 

School  Rooms 2976 

Baths,  etc 1076 

Clothes  Rooms 288 

Hospital 


24876 


2356 


Total 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 
Dining  Rooms 
Bed  Rooms 
Baths,  etc.. 

Total 


For  General  Purposes 

Offices 

Reception  Rooms 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 1440 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         1080 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 2898 

Laundry 1080 

Store  Rooms 2352 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .       1660 
Porches 1069 


Total 


12575 


Per  Bed 
26 
32 
78 
19 
22 


187 


7696 

58 

302 

2 

10354 

78 

456 

3 

540 

4 

22 
8 
18 
12 
8 


94 


Grand  Total 47805 


359 


Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land) 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1908 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  120  children,  average  for  year) 


Number  of  Beds  for  officers    . 
Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 


$100,000 

$752 


$34,290 

$286 


30 
345 


105 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  31. — Boys'  Industrial  School  for  the  State  of  Ohio 

Location:   Lancaster,  Ohio. 

Capacity:    1220  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 24974                      21 

Dining  Rooms  .        , 12540                       10 

Dormitories 41948                       34 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 27962                       23 

School  Rooms   .               9300                        8 

Baths,  etc '2473                       'O 

Clothes  Rooms J  2741                        11 

Hospital 7597                        6 

Total 149535                     123 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2236                         2 

Dining  Rooms 2204                         2 

Bed  Rooms 29076                       23 

Baths,  etc 3470                         3 

Total 36986                      30 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 2192                         2 

Reception  Rooms 5150                         4 

Library 216 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 8084                         7 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 16969                       14 

Sewing  Rooms 750                         1 

Kitchens 8329                         7 

Laundry 4024                         3 

Store  Rooms 5010                        4 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  11763                        9 

Porches 5172                         4 

Total          67659  55 

Grand  Total      . 254180                     208 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $820,052 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $672 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Nov.  15,  1907       .        .        .  $180,061 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $171 

(Based  on  1055  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers -  .  142 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 260 

106 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 


Table  32. — Sockanosset  School  for  Boys 

Location:   Howard,  R.  I. 

Capacity:  425  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 2550 

Dining  Rooms 4140 

Dormitories 1 1400 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 3800 

School  Rooms 5400 

Baths,  etc 4500 

Clothes  Rooms 1390 

Hospital 2080 


Total 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 
Dining  Rooms 
Bed  Rooms 
Baths,  etc.. 

Total 


For  General  Purposes 

Offices 

Reception  Rooms 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 

Laundry     

Store  Rooms 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House) 
Porches 


Total 
Grand  Total 


35260 

iqSo 

1070 

8800 

500 

12350 


520 

170 

280 

2880 

8210 

970 

7820 
5210 
1040 

27100 

74710 


Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land) 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 


1Q09 


Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Jany.  i 
Current  Expenses  Per  Child     .... 
(Based  on  386  children,  average  for  year) 


Number  of  beds  for  officers    . 
Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 


Per  Bed 
6 
10 
27 
9 
'3 
10 

3 

5 


83 


5 
3 

20 
I 

29 


I 
7 

19 

2 

19 

12 

2 

63 

175 

^267,600 
$630 

$60,350 
$156 

38 
325 


107 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  33. — Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Girls 

Location:   Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Capacity:   245  ciiildren. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms  . 3476                       14 

Dormitories 18986                       78 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 272                         1 

School  Rooms 4764                      19 

Baths,  etc 2104                        9 

Clothes  Rooms 952                         4 

Hospital 1048                        4 

Total 31602                     129 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 718                         3 

Dining  Rooms 1066                         4 

Bed  Rooms 4258                      18 

Baths,  etc 720                        3 

Total 6762                      28 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices        ...........  936                        4 

Reception  Rooms 982                        4 

Library 736                         3 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 2880                      12 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         Ill 07                       45 

Sewing  Rooms 1726                        7 

Kitchens 11 26                        5 

Laundry     

Store  Rooms 13286                      54 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  11312                      46 

Porches 1835                         7 

Total 45926                     187 

Grand  Total 84290                    344 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       .       .       .       .  1178,750 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $729 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1908       .       .       .  $38,467 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $169 

(Based  on  228  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers -.  30 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 225 

108 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT 

Table  34. — Wisconsin  Industrial  School  for  Boys 

Location:    Waukesha,   Wis. 

Capacity:  420  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms 5280 

Dormitories 12788 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 7456 

School  Rooms 7140 

Baths,  etc 5544 

Clothes  Rooms 2148 

Hospital 3604 

Total 43960 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 5324 

Dining  Rooms Q40 

Bed  Rooms 7684 

Baths,  etc 1258 

Total 15206 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1 120 

Reception  Rooms 252 

Library 420 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 5280 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 6324 

Sewing  Rooms ^^  .  3233 

Kitchens 4'oo 

Laundry 1824 

Store  Rooms 3844 

Halls  (including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)         .        .  8288 

Porches 464 

Total 35149 

Grand  Total 943^5 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       .... 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  June  30,  1909 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  363  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 

109 


Per  Bed 

>3 
30 
18 
'7 
>3 
5 
9 

105 


>3 

2 
18 
3 


3 

1 

I 

>3 

•5 
8 

10 
4 
9 

19 
1 

84 

225 

1322,153 
$767 

$68,982 
$190 


50 
304 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 


Table  35. — New  Haven  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Capacity:    141  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 742 

Dining  Rooms 1269 

Dormitories       . 4514 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 2158 

School  Rooms           4 '50 

Baths,  etc 712 

Clothes  Rooms 240 

Hospital 33QO 


Total 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 
Dining  Rooms 
Bed  Rooms 
Baths,  etc.. 

Total 


For  General  Purposes 

Offices 

Reception  Rooms 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 

Industrial   Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 

Laundry 

Store  Rooms 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House) 
Porches 


Total 
Grand  Total 


17175 


550 

2787 


3337 

140 
310 


12774 
33286 


Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land) 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  May  15,  190Q 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  122  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer    . 


Per  Bed 

5 

9 

32 

>5 

30 

5 

2 

24 

122 


4 
20 


750 

650 

560 

1060 

5 

5 
4 
7 

3400 

24 

4784 

34 

1120 

8 

90 


236 

%6o,  1 00 
$426 

$22,400 
$184 


.76 


I  10 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  36. — St.  Francis  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Capacity:  460  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms 6804                       15 

Dormitories 26456                        58 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium)           ....  7021                        15 

School  Rooms 8420                       19 

Baths,  etc 4209                        9 

Clothes  Rooms 561                          i 

Hospital 1888                        4 

Total 55359                    121 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1040                         2 

Dining  Rooms 1176                         3 

Bed  Rooms 5762                       12 

Baths,  etc 752                        2 

Total 8730                       19 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1286                         3 

Reception  Rooms 324                         i 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 7578                       16 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 

Sewing  Rooms --,  760                         2 

Kitchens 1478                         3 

Laundry     ' 1856                        4 

Store  Rooms 2814                        6 

Halls  (Including* Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House).       .        .  5045                        11 

Porches 

Total 21141                       46 

Grand  Total      .      ' 85230                     186 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $326,960 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed I711 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec.  31,  I Q08        .        .        .  $32,777 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child I84 

(Based  on  392  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers .  29 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 301 

II  I 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  37. — Fairfield  County  Children's  Home 

Location:  Norwalk,  Conn. 

Capacity:  80  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms       . 

Dining  Rooms 790 

Dormitories 2220 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 800 

School  Rooms 1680 

Baths,  etc 170 

Clothes  Rooms 86 

Hospital 2138 

Total 7884 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms 225 

Bed  Rooms 1380 

Baths,  etc no 

Total 1715 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices "...  180 

Reception  Rooms 700 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 800 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 

Sewing  Rooms 220 

Kitchens 420 

Laundry 740 

Store  Rooms 1955 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  990 

Porches 130 

Total 6135 

Grand  Total 15734 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       .... 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Oct.  15,  IQ09 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  80  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 

I  12 


Per  Bed 

10 

28 
10 

21 

2 

27 

99 


3 
>7 

I 

21 


3 

5 
9 

25 
12 
2 

77 
197 


138,500 
$481 


$16,755 
I209 


8 
214 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  38.— Wm.  L.  Gilbert  Home. 

Location:  Winsted,  Conn. 

Capacity:  270  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 908                        4 

Dining  Rooms 2321                         8 

Dormitories 10654                      39 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 2770                       10 

School  Rooms 4795                       '^ 

Baths,  etc 1292                         5 

Clothes  Rooms 93^                        4 

Hospital 2503                        9 

Total 26179                      97 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1242                         5 

Dining  Rooms 726                        3 

Bed  Rooms 5050                       19 

Baths,  etc 692                        2 

Total 7710                      29 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 576                         2 

Reception  Rooms 300                         i 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         

Sewing  Rooms 280                         i 

Kitchens 1320                          5 

Laundry 1104                        4 

Store  Rooms 5769                      21 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  6662                       25 

Porches 2812                       10 

Total 18823                       69 

Grand  Total 52712                     195 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $149,500 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed           I554 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  July  i,  1909  ....  $29,740 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child fii2 

(Based  on  265  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 27 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 286 

113 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  39. — St.  Mary's  Training  School 

Location:   Feehanville,  111. 

Capacity:  462  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 4674                       10 

Dining  Rooms 11180                       24 

Dormitories 21056                       46 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 6044                       13 

School  Rooms 7908                       17 

Baths,  etc 6522                       14 

Clothes  Rooms 2000                         5 

Hospital 4746                      10 

Total 64130                  139 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2716                        6 

Dining  Rooms 2920                         6 

Bed  Rooms 10174                       22 

Baths,  etc 2108                        5 

Total 17918                      39 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1360                        3 

Reception  Rooms 432                        i 

Library 4424                         9 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 4668                       10 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         

Sewing  Rooms 1364                         3 

Kitchens 5924                       13 

Laundry 1776                        4 

Store  Rooms 5158                       11 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  19744                      43 

Porches 2264                         5 

Total 47114                    102 

Grand  Total 129162                     280 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  1648,048 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 1 1.403 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1908        .        .        .  $41,034 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $91 

(Based  on  453  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 36 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 499 

114 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  40. — Protestant  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:   Detroit,  Mich. 

Capacity:    135  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 1800                       13 

Dining  Rooms 1032                        8 

Dormitories 3300                       25 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 1743                       15 

School  Rooms 

Baths,  etc 11 13                        8 

Clothes  Rooms 560                        4 

Hospital 400                         3 

Total 9948  74 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 960                        7 

Dining  Rooms 298                         2 

Bed  Rooms 1028                         8 

Baths,  etc 36 

Total 2322  17 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 260  2 

Reception  Rooms 567  4 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 1148  9 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 572  4 

Laundry 966  7 

Store  Rooms 5438  40 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .       1380  10 

Porches 550  4 

Total 10881  80 

Grand  Total 23151  171 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $55,810 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $413 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children)      .... 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1908        .    "    .       .  $12,359 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $97 

(Based  on  127  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers '3 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 179 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  41. — Washburn  Memorial  Orphan  Asylum 
Location:  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Capacity:    122  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms .  2630                      22 

Dining  Rooms 1650                       14 

Dormitories 4790                       39 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 960                        8 

School  Rooms 1644                       13 

Baths,  etc 1328                      11 

Clothes  Rooms 1400                      11 

Hospital 

Total 14402                     118 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms  .        .       . 

Dining  Rooms 400                        3 

Bed  Rooms 3600                      30 

Baths,  etc .160  1 

Total 4160                      34 

f 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 950                        8 

Reception  Rooms 360                        3 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3520                      29 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         1680                       14 

Sewing  Rooms 840                         7 

Kitchens 1360                       11 

Laundry 684                        6 

Store  Rooms 1 1 00                        9 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  1600                       13 

Porches 50 

Total 12144                    100 

Grand  Total 30706                    252 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  I202.000 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,656 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  April  30,  1Q08       .        .        .  $20,134 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $195 

(Based  on  103  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 17 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 245 

116 


CONGREGATE   INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 


Table  42. — St.  Michael's  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:   Hopewell,  N.  J. 

Capacity:   240  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms       . 

Dining  Rooms 4480 

Dormitories 7040 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 3840 

School  Rooms 2000 

Baths,  etc..        . 3160 

Clothes  Rooms 670 

Hospital     . 900 

Total 22090 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 670 

Dining  Rooms 700 

Bed  Rooms 3100 

Baths,  etc 274 

Total 4744 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 

Reception  Rooms     .        .        . 530 

Library .        

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 1820 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         .        .        .        .        .        .        

Sewing  Rooms  . 530 

Kitchens 1650 

Laundry 2070 

Store  Rooms 3320 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .       8650 
Porches 130 

Total  . 18700 

Grand  Total .        .     45534 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        .... 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed . 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Jany.  i,  190Q 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  225  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers    ........ 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer    .      _ 

117 


Per  Bed 

19 
29 
16 
8 
13 
3 
4 

92 


3 
3 
'3 

I 

20 


2 
7 
9 
>4 
36 
I 

78 

190 

$204,000 
$850 

$18,829 
$84 


22 
216 


CONGREGATE   INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  43. — Protestant  Foster  Home 

Location:  Newark,  N.  J. 

Capacity:    i  lo  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 240  2 

Dining  Rooms 800  7 

Dormitories 5600  51 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium 3270  30 

School  Rooms 2130  20 

Baths,  etc 570  5 

Clothes  Rooms 1024  q 

Hospital 1060  10 

Total 14694  134 

for  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms  .        .        .        .        

Dining  Rooms 210  2 

Bed  Rooms 3365  31 

Baths,  etc 140  i 

Total 3715  34 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices        

Reception  Rooms 550  5 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         

Sewing  Rooms 162  i 

Kitchens 460  4 

Laundry 460  4 

Store  Rooms 2700  25 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .       2140  iq 

Porches 300  3 

Total 6772  61 

Grand  Total 25181  229 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $64,000 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $582 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  May  10,  iqoq        .       .       .  $13,500 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child |i2i 

(Based  on  1 12  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 14 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 265 

118 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 


Table  44.. — Buffalo  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:   Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:    150  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total 

Day  Rooms 3463 

Dining  Rooms 1170 

Dormitories 5041 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 612 

School  Rooms 468 

Baths,  etc 1069 

Clothes  Rooms 320 

Hospital 1650 

Total 13793 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 360 

Dining  Rooms 698 

Bed  Rooms 3242 

Baths,  etc 272 

Total 4572 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 520 

Reception  Rooms 360 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 820 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         

Sewing  Rooms ,       .  288 

Kitchens 691 

Laundry 1575 

Store  Rooms 2453 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  5396 

Porches 1632 

Total 13735 

Grand  Total 32100 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        .... 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept..  30,  1909 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  123  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 

119 


Per  Bed 

23 
8 

34 
4 
3 
7 
2 

II 

92 


2 

5 

22 
2 

31 


2 

5 
1 1 
16 
36 


91 
214 


$90,000 
$600 


$15,914 
$129 


22 
208 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  45. — German  Roman  Catholic  Orphan  Asylum. 

Location:    Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:  412  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 1200  3 

Dining  Rooms 3440  8 

Dormitories 17400  42 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 4400  11 

School  Rooms 5860  14 

Baths,  etc 4340  10 

Clothes  Rooms 2822  7 

Hospital 3132  8 

Total 42594  103 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1364  5 

Dining  Rooms 1944  5 

Bed  Rooms 3600  9 

Baths,  etc 140 

Total 7048  17 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 840  2 

Reception  Rooms 480  1 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3760  9 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 3472  9 

Sewing  Rooms 1460  4 

Kitchens 1750  4 

Laundry 4100  10 

Store  Rooms 5481  13 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  9500  23 

Porches 1500  4 

Total 32343  79 

Grand  Total 81985  199 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $235,000 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $570 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       .        .        .  $25,659 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $75 

(Based  on  342  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 50 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 141 

120 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 


Table  46.— Children's  Home. 
Location:  Cincinnati,  O. 
Capacity:  85  children  (a). 

(a)  Also  Maintain  Day  Nursery  providing  for  about  60  children. 
Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 13 12                       15 

Dining  Rooms 1386                        16 

Dormitories 3977                       47 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 3124                        37 

School  Rooms 957                       1 1 

Baths,  etc.. 994                        12 

Clothes  Rooms 1789                       21 

Hospital 2347                       28 

Total 


For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 
Dining  Rooms 
Bed  Rooms 
Baths,  etc.. 

Total 4415 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 696 

Reception  Rooms 464 

Library S46 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 2990 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)  

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 

Laundry 

Store  Rooms 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House) 
Porches  


15886 

187 

586 

7 

658 

8 

2989 

35 

182 

2 

Total 


52 


5 
6 

35 


Grand  Total 38979 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land) 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed  ... 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1908 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child 

(Based  on  123  (b)  children,  average  for  year) 

(b)  About  60  are  day  children,  averaging  two  meals  daily  and  some  clothing. 
Number  of  beds  for  officers     ........  17 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 260 

121 


650 

8 

1939 

23 

2802 

33 

7184 

85 

1407 

•7 

18678 

220 

38979 

459 

1142,000 

11,671 

$19,607 

$•59 

CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  47. — St.  Joseph  Orphanage 

Location:  Cincinnati,  O. 

Capacity:  450  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total              Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 1150                         3 

Dining  Rooms 8892                       20 

Dormitories 16645                       37 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 269S                         6 

School  Rooms 5930                       13 

Baths,  etc 5029                       11 

Clothes  Rooms 2794                        6 

Hospital 3140                        7 

Total 46278                    103 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 396                         i 

Dining  Rooms 2298                         5 

Bed  Rooms 5017                       11 

Baths,  etc 280                         1 

Total 7991                       18 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 738                         2 

Reception  Rooms     .       .       . 1512                        3 

Library 702                         2 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 7159                       16 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         16752                       37 

Sewing  Rooms 2777                        6 

Kitchens 5390                       12 

Laundry 2659                          6 

Store  Rooms 2030                        4 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  12471                      27 

Porches 360                        1 

Total 52550                    116 

Grand  Total 106819                    237 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $'87,375 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $416 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1908        .       .       .  $24,333 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child I84 

(Based  on  288  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers *  40 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 200 

122 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  48. — Jewish  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Capacity:  510  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 11 10  2 

Dining  Rooms 5000  10 

Dormitories 23040  45 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) ''376  22 

School  Rooms 7680  15 

Baths,  etc 1094  2 

Clothes  Rooms 1260  3 

Hospital 7844  16 

Total 58404  115 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 930  2 

Dining  Rooms 540  i 

Bed  Rooms 3504  7 

Baths,  etc 

Total 4974  10 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices lOQo  2 

Reception  Rooms 500  i 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 4320  8 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 4288  8 

Sewing  Rooms 840  2 

Kitchens 924  2 

Laundry 1464  3 

Store  Rooms 6185  12 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  6235  12 

Porches 400  i 


Total  * 26246  51 


Grand  Total 89624  176 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  I40 1.782 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $788 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  June  30,  1909        .       .        .  ^93,199 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $191 

(Based  on  487  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 30 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 166 

123 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  49. — Cleveland  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Capacity:  94  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 4596  46 

Dining  Rooms q8o  10 

Dormitories 2792  30 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 900  9 

School  Rooms 713  8 

Baths,  etc i486  16 

Clothes  Rooms 480  5 

Hospital 4420  47 

Total .  16367  174 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 288  3 

Dining  Rooms 600  6 

Bed  Rooms 2880  31 

Baths,  etc 382  4 

Total 4150  44 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 204  2 

Reception  Rooms 604  6 

Library 264  3 

ChajDel  and  Assembly  Rooms 446  5 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 330  4 

Sewing  Rooms 400  4 

Kitchens .  608  7 

Laundry 2200  24 

Store  Rooms 2560  27 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)                .  2624  28 

Porches 792  8 

Total .       .  11032  118 

Grand  Total              .        .        .                       ...  31549  336 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1135,000 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,436 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Oct.  31,  I Q08  .        .        .        .  124,843 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child   ........  I327 

(Based  on  76  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers .  11 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer    ......  377 

124 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  50. — St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum. 

Location:   Erie,  Pa. 

Capacity:  220  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 1600  7 

Dining  Rooms .  1950  9 

Dormitories 6200  28 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 1716  8 

School  Rooms 2586  12 

Baths,  etc 794  3 

Clothes  Rooms 680  3 

Hospital     . 2826  13 

Total 18352  83 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms .595  3 

Dining  Rooms 591  3 

Bed  Rooms .       2100  10 

Baths,  etc..        ..........  110 

Total 3396  16 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 

Reception  Rooms 640  3 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3750  17 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)  

Sewing  Rooms 210  i 

Kitchens 1260  6 

Laundry iioo  5 

Store  Rooms 1608  7 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .       8680  39 

Porches 320  2 


Total 17568                      80 

Grand  Total 393i6                     179 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $82,640 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $376 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  May  31,  1909        .        .        .  $18,494 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child |68 

(Based  on  273  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 30 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 113 

125 


CONGREGATE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  51. — St.  Rose's  Orphan  Asylum. 

Lx>cation:  Milwaukee,  >V is. 

Capacity:   130  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 

Dining  Rooms 1400  11 

Dormitories 5620  43 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 1645  '3 

School  Rooms 3120  24 

Baths,  etc 728  5 

Clothes  Rooms 788  6 

Hospital 608  5 

Total 13909  107 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 552  4 

Dining  Rooms 576  5 

Bed  Rooms 940  7 

Baths,  etc 240  2 

Total 2308  18 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 425  3 

Reception  Rooms 425  3 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 7670  59 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         1700  13 

Sewing  Rooms 1130  9 

Kitchens 1056  8 

Laundry 984  8 

Store  Rooms 256  2 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  3840  30 

Porches 60 


Total 17546                     135 

Grand  Total 33763                    260 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $61,725 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed I474 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  I,  1909.       .       .       .  $7736 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $70 

(Based  on  1 1 1  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 10 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 231 

126 


COTTAGE   INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  52. — Illinois  Manual  Training  School  Farm 

Location:  Glenwood,  III. 

Capacity:  352  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 5944                      17 

Dining  Rooms 6330                       18 

Dormitories '3796                       39 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 24182                      69 

School  Rooms 6900                      20 

Baths,  etc 3609                       10 

Clothes  Rooms 3406                        9 

Hospital 2036                        6 

Total 66203                     188 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1792                        5 

Dining  Rooms 1296                        4 

Bed  Rooms 6258                       18 

Baths,  etc 1076                         3 

Total 10422                      30 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1 166                        3 

Reception  Rooms 590                       2 

Library 540                         2 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 2436                        7 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         '4370                      4' 

Sewing  Rooms 2150                        6 

Kitchens 1070                        3 

Laundry 

Store  Rooms 5058                       14 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  15097                     42 

Porches 980                        3 

Total 43457                    123 

Grand  Total 120082                    341 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $387,396 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed |i,ioi 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  April  30,  1909       .       .       .  160,155 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child II182 

(Based  on  330  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 52 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 200 

127 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  53. — Illinois  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home 

Location:  Normal.  III. 

Capacity:  280  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 2100                        8 

Dining  Rooms 3500                       13 

Dormitories '5 '34                       54 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 5850                      21 

School  Rooms 7580                      37 

Baths,  etc 3980                       14 

Clothes  Rooms 8984                      32 

Hospital 4892                       17 

Total 52020                   186 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 2050                        7 

Dining  Rooms 1468                        5 

Bed  Rooms 7954                       29 

Baths,  etc 546                        2 

Total 12018                      43 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 978                       3 

Reception  Rooms 1618                       6 

Library 968                        3 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3200                       12 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 6886                     25 

Sewing  Rooms 1200                        4 

Kitchens 1850                        7 

Laundry 1200                        4 

Store  Rooms 3188                       n 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)               .11154  40 

Porches 610                        2 

Total 32852                    117 

Grand  Total 96890                   346 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1285,000 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed ,       .       .       .  |i,oi8 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  June  30,  1909       .       .       .  $65,242 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child   ........  $242 

(Based  on  269  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 50 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 240 

128 


COTTAGE   INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  54. — Rose  Orphan  Home 

Location:  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Capacity:  93  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 4019                      43 

Dining  Rooms 984                      1 1 

Dormitories 3647                      39 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 6536                      70 

School  Rooms 1357                        15 

Baths,  etc 1025                       11 

Clothes  Rooms 1024                      11 

Hospital 

Total 18592                    200 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms jdrj                        8 

Dining  Rooms 716                        8 

Bed  Rooms $580                      60 

Baths,  etc 666                       7 

Total 7729                     83 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 296                        3 

Reception  Rooms 920                      10 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 1 1 18                       12 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         

Sewing  Rooms 437                        4 

Kitchens 646                         7 

Laundry 1734                       J9 

Store  Rooms 3077                      33 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  4227                     46 

Porches 650                         7 

Total 13105                    141 

Grand  Total 39426                    424 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  fi59.590 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,716 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1908       .       .       .  $21,200 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $221 

(Based  on  96  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 15 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 515 

10*  129 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  55. — Good  Will  Farm 

Location:  Hinckley,  Maine. 

Capacity:   191  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 3078                      16 

Dining  Rooms 3803                       20 

Dormitories 10927                       57 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 2044                      " 

School  Rooms 7873                       41 

Baths,  etc 2632                      14 

Clothes  Rooms 802                        4 

Hospital 

Total 31159                    163 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms  . 1628                         Q 

Dining  Rooms 

Bed  Rooms 5189                       27 

Baths,  etc 260                        1 

Total 7077                      37 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices        . 1888                      10 

Reception  Rooms 2410                      13 

Library ' 540                        3 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 6246                      33 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 4947                      26 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 4044                      21 

Laundry 392                         2 

Store  Rooms 9159                      48 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  loooi                      52 

Porches 4862                      25 

Total 44489                    233 

Grand  Total 82725                    433 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  |i66,ooo 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $869 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  May  20,  1909        .        .       .  130,982 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $178 

(Based  on  174  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers      .........  33 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Offi.cer   .......  214 

130 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  56. — Michigan  State  School  for  Dependent  and  Ill-Treated  Children 

Location:  Coldwater,  Mich. 

Capacity:  200  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 3510                      17 

Dining  Rooms 3648                       18 

Dormitories 8420                      42 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 1206                        6 

School  Rooms 4757                      24 

Baths,  etc. 1993                       10 

Clothes  Rooms 1554                       8 

Hospital 3341                       17 

Total 28429                     142 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 846                         4 

Dining  Rooms 1580                        8 

Bed  Rooms 9776                      49 

Baths,  etc 1140                        6 

Total 13342                       67 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1422                         7 

Reception  Rooms 774                        4 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3080                       16 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         2160                       II 

Sewing  Rooms 400                        2 

Kitchens 2662                       13 

Laundry 2082                       10 

Store  Rooms 4160                       21 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  6388                      32 

Porches 3467                       17 

Total 26595                     133 

Grand  Total 68366                     342 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $275,000 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $',375 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  June  30,  1908        .        .        .  ?37,78i 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $225 

(Based  on  168  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 50 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 267 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  57. — Minnesota  State  Public  School 

Location:  Owatonna,  Minn. 

Capacity:  210  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total              Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 4218                       20 

Dining  Rooms 2240                      1 1 

Dormitories 9570                      46 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 4724                      22 

School  Rooms 2880                       13 

Baths,  etc 2024                      10 

Clothes  Rooms 1508                        7 

Hospital 4326                      21 

Total 31490                    150 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1672                         8 

Dining  Rooms 1662                         8 

Bed  Rooms 8465                      40 

Baths,  etc 946                        4 

Total 12745                      60 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 1294                        6 

Reception  Rooms 600                        3 

Library 1148                         5 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 2820                      13 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 1440                        7 

Sewing  Rooms 140                        i 

Kitchens 2629                      13 

Laundry 1868                         Q 

Store  Rooms 5570                       27 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  6139                      29 

Porches 1635                        ^ 

Total 25283                     121 

Grand  Total 69518                     331 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)       ....  $270,800 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,290 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  July  31,  1908        .        .        .  $43,828 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $218 

(Based  on  201  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers .  45 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 283 

132 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  58. — Albany  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:    130  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 2376                      18 

Dining  Rooms 2060                       16 

Dormitories 4120                       32 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 3776                       29 

School  Rooms 3658                       28 

Baths,  etc 3277                       25 

Clothes  Rooms 2486                       19 

Hospital 1852                       14 

Total 23605                     181 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 1504                       12 

Dining  Rooms 460                        4 

Bed  Rooms 3158                       24 

Baths,  etc 306                         2 

Total 5428                      42 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 625                         5 

Reception  Rooms 316                        2 

Library 692                         5 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 2288                      18 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) ^^  1647                       '3 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 1298                       10 

Laundry 11 26                         9 

Store  Rooms 5459                       42 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)       .       .  8128                      62 

Porches 2086                       16 

Total 23665                     182 

Grand  Total 52698                     405 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $166,300 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $1,279 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       .       .       .  $24,854 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child           $191 

(Based  on  130  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 16 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 339 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  59. — Hebrew  Sheltering  Guardian  Society  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:  To  be  built  at  Pleasantville,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:   5  10  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet)  (a) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms i0545                      21 

Dining  Rooms 10545                       21 

Dormitories 21090         '              41 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 2982                         9 

School  Rooms 8612                       17 

Baths,  etc 6349                       12 

Clothes  Rooms 2824                         6 

Hospital 1560                        3 

Total 64507                     127 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 530                          i 

Dining  Rooms 390                         i 

Bed  Rooms 12271                       24 

Baths,  etc 1779                        3 

Total 14970                      29 

For  General  Purposes  3 

Offices 1523 

Reception  Rooms 

Library 500                         1 

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 3029                         6 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science)         6806                      13 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 3675                         7 

Laundry 2705                         5 

Store  Rooms .        .11 224  22 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  12546                      25 

Porches 6102                       12 

Total 48110                       94 

Grand  Total 127587                     250 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  (a)  $670,493 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed (a)  11,315 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Sept.  30,  1909       ...  (b)  $119,090 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child (b)  $161 

(Based  on  740  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 91 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 165 

(a)  Figures  taken  from  estimates  on  proposed  buildings. 

(b)  Figures  refer  to  present  institution,  Broadway  and  150th  St.,  New  York. 


COTTAGE    INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  60. — Rochester  Orphan  Asylum 

Location:   Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Capacity:    1 1 1  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 3066                       28 

Dining  Rooms 

Dormitories 5065                       46 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 4272                      38 

School  Rooms 1950                       18 

Baths,  etc 1609                       14 

Clothes  Rooms loii                         q 

Hospital 1375                        12 

Total 18348                     165 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 524                         5 

Dining  Rooms 655                         6 

Bed  Rooms 2954                      26 

Baths,  etc 579                        5 

Total 4712                      42 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 124                        I 

Reception  Rooms 212                        2 

Library      

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 1427                       13 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 798                        7 

Sewing  Rooms 675                        6 

Kitchens 1490                       13 

Laundry 4387                       40 

Store  Rooms 3525                       32 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .       .  4679                      42 

Porches 1625                        15 

Total 18942                     171 

Grand  Total 42002                     378 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  $131,591 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed |i,i86 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  Oct.  i,  1909          .       .       .  $17,348 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child $159 

(Based  on  109  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 15 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 314 


COTTAGE   INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT 

Table  61. — State  Public  School 

Location:  Sparta,  Wis. 

Capacity:   200  children. 

Floor  Space  (Square  Feet) 

For  Children  Total             Per  Bed 

Day  Rooms 1830                       9 

Dining  Rooms 1740                        9 

Dormitories 9480                      47 

Play  Rooms  (Including  Gymnasium) 4750                      24 

School  Rooms 3782                       19 

Baths,  etc 1310                         6 

Clothes  Rooms 2990                       15 

Hospital 2568                       13 

Total .  28450                    142 

For  Officers 

Sitting  Rooms 600                         3 

Dining  Rooms 1 172                         6 

Bed  Rooms 6608                       33 

Baths,  etc 496                        2 

Total 8876                      44 

For  General  Purposes 

Offices 560                         3 

Reception  Rooms     .       . 1048                        5 

Library       

Chapel  and  Assembly  Rooms 1440                         7 

Industrial  Rooms  (Including  Manual  Training  and  Do- 
mestic Science) 736                        4 

Sewing  Rooms 

Kitchens 2578                      13 

Laundry 600                       3 

Store  Rooms 3010                       15 

Halls  (Including  Cloak  Rooms  in  School  House)        .        .  4340                       22 

Porches 1588                        8 

Total 15900                      80 

Grand  Total 53226                    266 

Estimated  Value  of  Plant  (Including  Land)        ....  1176,859 

Value  of  Plant  Per  Bed $884 

(Based  on  Number  of  Beds  for  Children) 

Current  Expenses  for  year  ending  June  30,  1909       .        .       .  146,319 

Current  Expenses  Per  Child I272 

(Based  on  170  children,  average  for  year) 

Number  of  beds  for  officers 20 

Average  Floor  Space  for  each  Officer 44 

136 


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